Behavior Modification and Needs

In many companies, managers struggle to improve or motivate employee actions or behaviors to get desired results. Many managers turn to organizational behavior modification. Behavior modification is used in organizations to shape individual behavior though the use of positive and negative consequences. Organizational behavior modification relies on several factors including, the law of effect, alternative consequences, schedules of reinforcement, and understanding human needs, to successfully operate.The law of effect states that a person tends to repeat behavior that is accompanied by a favorable consequence. For example, if an employee is recognized and encouraged for going above and beyond for a customer, the employee is more likely to repeat this action. For the law of effect to remain effective, a manager needs to recognize what the employee see’s as major consequences, and must be able to respond in a way that the employee will see the connection between their actions an d the consequence.An employee doesn’t always have to learn from personal experience. The theory of social learning suggests that employees are likely to learn by observing the actions of others and understanding the consequences that others are experiencing. Through the law of effect, the employee is able to connect the relation of; good actions equal good consequences, therefore motivating the employee to act in a positive way. Once a manager has indentified the employee’s behavior, the manager needs to decide on the alternative consequences he/she wants to apply.Alternative consequences include: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction. The key to alternative consequences is to make the consequence contingent on the employee’s correct behavior. Through the use of these consequences, employees and managers will be able to accurately assess the result or planned result of an action. Once a manager monitors an employee’s b ehavior and learns how often or how well the employee is performing, the manager can determine the type of consequence to be applied.Once a frequency has been established the manager can create a standard, or a baseline, against which employee improvements can be made. A manager will then decide of continuous reinforcement or partial reinforcement is called for. Continuous reinforcement is when reinforcement accompanies each correct behavior by an employee. Partial reinforcement occurs when only some of the correct behaviors are reinforced. Scheduling reinforcement allows a manager to stay consistent in expectations and consequences.Though the behavior modification model is popular amongst organizations, many have criticized it’s functionality from a human needs perspective. Human needs are a driving force in individual decision making. The behavior modification model focuses on the nature of the items that may motivate a person. However, a manager cannot observe or monitor a person’s needs. Because of this, it is important that a manager understand employee needs when using the behavior modification approach

Decline of the Ottoman Empire

Decline of the Ottoman Empire The history of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century is one of increasing internal weakness and deterioration. Once a super power, the Ottoman Empire fell because of a combination of internal degeneration and external pressures. Loss of economic vitality resulted as Europe went to Africa for trade and relied on the Americas rather than the Ottoman middleman. Industrialized Europe soon surpassed outdated Ottoman traditions. Poor leadership gave way to loss of centralized control, and ultimately, its collapse.Ottoman decline occurred due to economic difficulties, military issues, and demise of political structure (corruption in government). One of the main causes of the decline of the Ottoman Empire was the decline in losses due to trade, along with many stifling economic issues. At one point, the Ottoman Empire was the center of trade, due to its location. As technology advanced, and explorers discovered new parts of the world, the Ottoman Empire b ecame less of an influence in trade.This trend started as early as the 1580s, when Omer Talib, an Ottoman geographer, warned the Sultan of the threat. He said, â€Å"Now the Europeans have learnt to know the whole world; they send their ships everywhere and seize important ports. Formerly the goods†¦. used to come to Suez and were distributed by Muslims to the entire world. But now these goods are carried on Portuguese, Dutch, and English ships†¦the Ottomans must seize the shores of Yemen and the passing trade†¦otherwise Europeans will Rule† (Bernard Lewis, The Emergence of Modern Turkey, page 28).Exactly as predicted, the world trade, which used to flow through the Ottoman Empire, decreased sharply in the 17th Century. The Europeans traded directly with Asia leaving the Ottomans in the middle. The Dutch and British completely closed the old international trade routes through the Middle East. The lack of trade was not the only economic issue that brought the de cline of the Ottoman influence. Inflation played a huge role in the destabilization of central Ottoman powers, along causing unrest among the population.The Ottomans had a silver based monetary system and with the newfound metals from the Americas, it caused the sudden flow of cheap and plentiful silver, which had a catastrophic financial impact. The price of silver fell, bringing an imbalance of trade between the East and West. Eventually, guilds were unable to provide quality goods at prices low enough to compete with the cheap European manufactured goods that entered the empire without restriction due to trade agreements. This continued inflation caused prices to quadruple and the devaluation of the coin.Adding to that, much of the states’ revenue was stuck to the hands of the local elites which shows how decentralized the system had become. Although economic issues affected the Ottoman Empire greatly, they weren’t the only cause for the decline of the empire. The O ttoman Empire was known as one of the most powerful empires, but as technology advanced, their influence of power decreased. The Ottoman Empire witnessed substantial loss in their military power, as a result of the Janissaries diminishing loyalty, which was the essence of the military.These janissaries were a highly regarded military group. Although they represented and defended the Ottoman Empire, they were not of Ottoman decent, but Europeans who were trained to be loyal to the Empire. The janissaries were generally boys between the ages of 8 to 16 who came from European and Christian rural families, who had been taken to Istanbul, the capital of the empire, where they were converted to Islam. They were the glue which kept the military system together, and which made it so strong.However, starting in the mid 1600s, the Janissaries began to slowly divide amongst themselves, which caused the military system to slowly weaken. They began dividing old versus young, and reformers versus anti-reformers. The Sultans who were trying to implement reforms lost control over the Janissaries who resisted these changes because they would have meant a loss or decrease in many of their privileges. After numerous revolts, realizing that there was no chance in correcting the situation, the Sultans abolished Janissaries in 1826.This caused extreme military weakness within the Empire, and essentially caused the military system to fall in disarray and chaos. This weakening of their military made it an ideal environment for external military conflicts, allowing European powers to take over parts of the Ottoman Empire. Much of the Ottoman military demise can be blamed on the corrupt administration within the Empire. The Sultans had discovered a quick and easy way of making money by selling jobs such as tax collectors positions to the highest bidder.Government officials known as Viziers were appointed through manipulation and palace favors, as opposed to the honest being promoted up the administrative ladder through experience and ability. These viziers were responsible for the city and the affairs of the province they governed. They problem with giving someone a high position based on how much they paid is that they did not have the skills or experience to properly perform the Job. Learning from the Sultan, this trend of officials selling their position spread throughout the empire.These corrupt and unqualified officials would use their authority to squeeze more taxes from the populace. The taxes that were collected hardly went back to the state. In most cases, these viziers would just keep the revenue for themselves. The corruption started at the highest level, and worked its way down the administrative system, weakening and disrupting the Government, which caused the entire Empire to feel the consequences. The Ottoman Empire was at one point on of the vastest empires in history. Unable to keep up with the advancing global market, it became less of an influe ntial trading region.Along with an unstable economy and a high inflation on their currency, they suffered from collapse of their military. Even if the Janissaries had not revolted, and actually accepted moves toward advancing the Empires military, the industrial revolution and the shift in global trade would have starved the empire from the financial means to survive. Political corruption was a less direct cause of decline, as it took many years for the entire system to become flawed by it, however, the combination of all 3 factors brought the demise of the Ottoman EmpireWorks Cited â€Å"History of the Ottoman Empire – Decline and Fall. † History of the Ottoman Empire – Decline and Fall. N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Nov. 2012. . Lewis, Bernard. The Emergence of Modern Turkey. London: Issued under the Auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs [by] Oxford U. P. , 1968. Print. Inalc? k, Halil. The Ottoman Empire; the Classical Age, 1300-1600. New York: Pra eger, 1973. Print.

Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field

Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare field The Many Faces of Healthcare Cultural Diversity in the Healthcare Field Carl Hooks Rasmussen College Author Note This research is being submitted on September 16, 2010, for Vicky Philips English class at Rasmussen College by Carl Hooks Cultural diversity in the medical field is, at times, greatly hindered because of religious beliefs, language barriers, and the hierarchies of diverse cultures and these have the propensity to affect the continuity of care for the patients. â€Å"Every person has different aspects that constitute their identities, according to how they see themselves†¦.This means that seeing an individual in terms of their identity can be unproductive. † (Weaver, 2009). Nursing personnel, in particular, have to take into consideration any and all cultural differences between the patient and the nursing staff. These differences vary in as many ways as there are different ethnic groups in any particular area. Religio us beliefs can hinder the nursing care of patients. There are many different religious beliefs in as many different religions. The religious belief most common in the United States, of course, is the Jehovah Witness who refuses transfusions.This religion has a strong belief in preserving the soul before the body. Other religions have other beliefs that we may not understand, but need to respect and try to work around to care for the patient. â€Å"If people believe it is God who confers both health and illness, it may be very difficult to get them to take their medication or change their behavior†¦. they would see no point worrying about high blood pressure or bacteria when moral behavior is the key to good health. † (Galanti, 2001). This kind of belief will impede the medical staff and their approach to a medical cure.Whenever possible, staff should attempt of incorporate both religious beliefs and medicine to care for the patient. For the most part (miracles do happen) , religious beliefs can delay the care and health of the patient, and leaves the health professionals with a huge dilemma about what to do, and greatly delays the healing process. To understand how religion plays a role in the care given to the patient is to give better care for our patients. Consequently, the vast majority of people do believe in some sort of religion, whether it is God or some other higher power. Cultural factors stemming from religious beliefs and practices can have an intense impact on health. † (Abdoul and Abdoul, 2010). There may come a time when the medical staff has to provide a towel (prayer matt) and a quiet place to pray to a culture that does not consider the common hospital chapel an appropriate place to pray.In some religious, â€Å"It is commonly believed that illness is sent from God as retribution for sins since God is viewed as the afflicter as well as healer. † (Abdoul and Abloul,2010). Food also plays a big part in some religions whi ch go beyond the traditional Jewish mother’s chicken soup. †¦. it is important to know that religious beliefs and practices can influence food choice, as there may be individuals within a group that observe strict dietary requirements. † (Black, 2010). All religious back grounds should be taken into consideration and, whenever possible, be provided for, and this will aid in promoting effective health care. Language barriers pose great difficulties when communicating with patients. It is imperative that both patient and nursing staff understand exactly what is being said. For this reason an appropriate trained or certified interpreter should be utilized whenever possible.Health care workers are experiencing more language difficulties than ever before. â€Å"Fully 54 million Americans†¦. roughly 20 percent of the population†¦. do not speak English at home. † (Armand and Hubbard,2010). With the exception of California, Texas, and Florida, which have o ver 43 percent of the population, that are classified LEP (limited English proficient). The interpreter should be trained to interpret on the patients behalf. Family members, at times, can be of great assistance, but then HIPPA comes into play.The patient may not want a particular family member to know about their health problems. The language barrier does inhibit sufficient care, and this should be addressed with the utmost of care and consideration for both the medical staff and patient. Insuring that the patient fully understands what is being done to them is of great importance. As patients, they have the right to understand what is being done and why. Informed consent must be given; the patient should be able to repeat what they have been informed of before the procedure is done. Currently â€Å"only 33 percent of U.S. hospitals have quality improvement efforts underway to improve the quality of their language access programs. † (Armand and Hubbard, 2010). The goal of th e interpreter is to assure that the LEP patient has no doubts or concerns and totally understands what is going to happen, why, and any options they may have. Understanding the hierarchy of the family is imperative in understanding the functions of the family unit. With some familiarity with the different cultures in a given community, a medical professional will be able to ascertain who the head of the household is.The head of the household differs from culture to culture, as such, â€Å"misunderstandings which include but are not limited to the involvement of the male in all aspects of health care for his wife and children; the assimilation of children into all aspects of life; female humility; the subordinate status of women; and the strong emphasis on traditional female role. (Abdoul and Abdoul, 2010). By defining who the head of the household is and giving them the respect they deserve will be paramount in a speedy recovery for the patient.As the head of the household is ident ified, it is very important that they are included in all of the decisions made on behalf of the patient. If and when the controlling person is not readily available, all efforts should be exercised to contact that person. In rare life threatening conditions should medical personnel proceed without that persons consent, the head of the household should be given adequate time to discuss procedures with the patient should they require this. His/her decision should be respected when they decide what is appropriate for their family member.Given the most pertinent information and options, the family can then make an informed decision and the respect of the hierarchy of the family has not been compromised. All diversities should be taken into consideration when caring for a patient. By understanding what importance the patient puts on their culture, the medical staff can better serve the patient. â€Å"Hospitals can be a source of stress and frustration for patients and their families, s ince they are most vulnerable when they are there and are placed at the mercy of values and beliefs not of their own. † (Galanti, 2001).Making a patient aware that medical staff understands and will do all that is possible to adhere to their cultural differences can only aid in providing the best health care possible. A care plan is always done for patients when they are admitted to the hospital. While formulating a care plan, the nurse should always consider and provide for the cultural differences of the individual. The care plan should be reviewed by all staff that participates in the care of the patient. The care plan should be discussed with the patient and family to assure that all aspects of their cultural practices have been addressed.If this is not done, then the patient’s outcome can be greatly hampered. Cultural diversity in the medical field, at times, can be greatly hindered because of religious beliefs, language barriers, and the hierarchy of diverse cultu res, and these have the propensity to affect the continuity of care for the patient. All aspects need to be considered to assure that the most efficient care be given on behalf of the patient.References ABOUL-ENEIN, B. , & AHOUL-ENEIN, F. (2010). THE CULTURAL GAP DELIVERING HEALTH CARE SERVICES TO ARAB AMERICAN POPULATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 17(1), 20-23. Retrieved from Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition database Armada, A. , & Hubbard, M. (2010). Diversity in Healthcare: Time to Get REAL!. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 26(3), 3-17. Retrieved from EBSCO MegaFILE database. Black, P. (2010). Cultural and religious beliefs in stoma care nursing. British Journal of Healthcare Assistants, 4(4), 184-188. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus with Full Text database. Weaver, D. (2009). Respect the diversity and difference of individuals. Nursing & Residential Care, 11(12), 590-593. Retrieved from CINAHL Plus with Full Text database.

Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 17

Reflection Paper - Essay Example As per the release of the movie, most evident aspect of the happening is the music. The music is an evolvement from the past and tends to grow over time. There is the Broadway sound that the film creates that goes by the name of Tin Pan Alley. The term represents the structure of music that was the result of talented singers and composers such as Richard Rodgers. Besides, there are other notable types of songs that also appear in the film that are also remarkable. The other aspect of the film is the lyrics. The instance relates to the words that create the music. The words tend to graduate from the position of songs to more of works of poetry. The evidence to the fact is that the works of some of the song composers such as Cole porter’s lyrics that are quotations in many works of poetry anthologies around the globe. The songs tend to catch all the catchphrases, the sentiments, the words, as well as the stanzas. The music is also patriotic in some instances, rhapsodic in other cases, witty and risquà © in other instances. The time of production of the material in the film relates to a time when there was a need for the songs to be catchy and also provide service for the comedians and the dancers. However, by the 1930s, the role of the music was shifting towards greater significance that suits their lyrics. The music in turn took a different structure that would accomplish a more serious role. The primary structure would constitute a narrative that would form the backbone of the particular piece. The term that would describe the structure was libretto. As a result, the music had a great influence on the artistic field and the cultural practices. The film illustrates the importance of the music at to appoint where there is the need of a music director. The primary task of the director was to give shape to the production of quality music, and the also design the whole concept that each song reflects. Moreover, the director’s work is to

The Song of the Hummingbird Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Song of the Hummingbird - Essay Example According to the discussion  in 1519, a small group Spaniard soldiers led by Hernan Cortes docked on the Mexican Vera Cruz coastline. By mid-August 1521, the capital city of the Mexican empire had fallen to the hands of the Spaniards. This dramatic milestone signified the start of one the globes most famous holocausts. However, this comprehensive destroying of an entire civilization was not conducted through military conquest alone. In 1524, at the invitation by Hernan Cortes for 12 Franciscan monks guided by Fray Toribio arrived in Vera Cruz and journeyed bare footed up to Mexico City. By this time, Hernan Cortes and his other men, had conquered almost the entire of Mexico, but was being affected becoming more and more weak with Cortes’ chase of a rogue army personnel in the north of the nation; only 200 Spaniards gathered together in Mexico city fighting against each other with other Mexican masses keenly waiting for a chance to defeat these new settlers.From this paper it is clear that  Mexicans totally lost their religion to the Spaniards. As a mere consolation, by wiping out the heart and soul of the religious civilization of the Mexican culture, the Spanish church leaders declared ownership of all Mexican people and as such turned into the mask of the Mexican citizens against the carnages done by the Spanish in the name of monetary gain.  This only shows that apart from destroy their past religion, the Spaniards also forced the Mexicans into Christianity.

Yakuzas in Sonatine & Outrage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Yakuzas in Sonatine & Outrage - Essay Example *To understand Yakuza one need to understand aspects of Japanese culture. Japan still remains an eternal archetype of something opposite to European culture. Kitano’s movies show the distinguishing features of Japanese art of cinema which can hardly be compared with traditional Hollywood or European movie industry. But there is something that is pushed to the periphery in Europe, tucked away in a corner. This something openly exists in Japan and Hong Kong, but is not associated with the â€Å"mysterious East† among New Age fans. This is Yakuza. To understand Japan is to understand Yakuza. That is to understand violence.* Sonatine (1993) is the first movie by Kitano which brought him cult fame outside Japan. Sonatina is a mix of few movies in one – it’s an explosive mixture of a thriller, cop movie, comedy and melodrama. One of Kitano’s favorite ideas, borrowed from Kurosawa, a belief that even the most intense movie needs to give a viewer a moment to catch his breath, is brought to perfection here. Starting like a typical Yakuza film (big boss sends his subordinate Murakawa with a gang to Osaka, where a gang war begins), Sonatina changes its tempo in the middle and changes the genre: forced to wait for new orders on a tropical beach, yakuza, for forty minutes of screen time, live almost an idyllic life, cutting out figures from paper, arranging fireworks and folk dances. However, Murakawa’s (played by Kitano himself) fun is alarming: he digs hidden pits on the beach and has fun when his companions fall down; he forces his subordinates to play Russian roulette with a gun i n which no bullets. All these actions serve as a further indication of the plot development: pit is a metaphor of a trap that caught Murakawa and his men, set up by their own boss, and Russian roulette leads to Murakawa’s suicide (the movie poster shows Kitano with a gun near his

Changes needed to Palliative care today Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Changes needed to Palliative care today - Thesis Example She recommended that the palliative care component and appropriate standards be included in the needs assessment and in the contracts for hospitals and community services. According to Morrow (2009) the aim of palliative care is to improve the quality of the life of patients and their families who faces a life-threatening illness. Its focus is to alleviate them through prevention and the treatment of suffering. Palliative care involves the self (physical, emotional, spiritual) of the patient as well as their families. This care provides relief from pain and other symptoms related to the illness (fatigue, nausea, shortness of breath, loss of appetite). The aim is to prevent and relieve these symptoms so that the patient may continue with his or her daily life. Hospice care is one form of palliative care. The palliative care may be offered at any given time of an illness with curative therapies which are meant to prolong life versus hospice care, designed for patients that have a terminal illness and the life expectancy is of six months or less (Morrow, 2009). The palliative team is composed of doctors treating different conditions (diabetes, heart diseases, kidney disease). The palliative care doctor will generally orchestrate the care between several specialists to create a perfect harmony. The palliative care team may include: Palliative care physicians; specialists or general practitioners; nurses; nursing assistants or home health aides; social workers; chaplains; physical, occupational, and speech therapists. This team may assist in the health care choices that may be right for the patients (Morrow, 2009). The palliative care may be given in hospitals (chemotherapy, radiation) or at home. The subacute team is similar in its composition, except that they include: in-house medical staff, registered nurses and certified nurse aides, dietary, therapeutic recreation specialist, and an

Supply Manager are making a difference in todays global markets Article

Supply Manager are making a difference in todays global markets - Article Example Zapko, there are several important strategies of modern day supply chain management (Handfield, 2013). One of the strategies is to ensure the timely global procurement of materials and products needed to complete the production deadlines. To achieve this goal, Zapko reassigns and assigns individuals in certain slots along the supply chain management process, attracting the best talents to work for Lenovo to achieve the critical demands of the Lenovo global supply chain. For each important step in Lenovo’s global supply chain process, individuals (including graduate students) who can deliver the required quotas are hired. For those who cannot meet expectations, line and staff employees must prioritize the successful implementation of their individual tasks and responsibilities within the global supply chain strategy. The preparation and implementation of supply chain-based contracts will increase compliance with previously established global supply chain benchmarks. Further, the success of the global supply chain is grounded on the cooperation and coordination of the different parties. One of the parties is the manufacturer. The manufacturer acquires raw materials from the suppliers. The manufacturer uses the supplies to produce its completed or finished goods. Another party is the global customer. The goods are then sold to the manufacturers’ global customers. A delay in the delivery of the suppliers delays the manufacturers’ production output. The delay in the manufacturers’ outputs triggers the corresponding delays in the customers’ purchases. The manufacturers or sellers must ensure the customers will be able to find their required product and service demands on time. Consequently, the products must reach the store shelves before the store shelves are empty. The stores and manufacturers must ensure products are reordered to prevent stock outs, or empty store shelves. The twice stage model ensures customers will

Content Management Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Content Management Systems - Essay Example Examples of roles include author, editor, approver, publisher† (University of Wisconsin, 2007) 16 Pennington, L. (2007) Approaches/Practices: Surviving the Design and Implementation of a Content-Management System: Do the Benefits Offset the Challenges? Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 21(1): 62-73 27 This Project Report covers in details the subject I have chosen to cover, which is Content Management Systems. The business of supplying CMC systems is relatively young but a quickly growing technology that business are employing to handle their data repositories and web based content. Some of the areas that are expanded on from my Interim Report are: I decided to cover the subject of Content Management Systems because I have a lot of involvement with them (one in particular) in my career. A CMS is responsible for holding and maintaining the data for our Company Intranet. I have been responsible for testing these systems inline with the company’s technical architecture and ensuring a smooth integration with existing systems. My aim is to fully explain the purpose of CMS and highlight the different functionality some of these systems have to offer, I will look at some individual systems and give an analysis of their purpose and successes. As part of my report I will also cover the system, which I am most familiar with, Stellent. I will give an overview of the project I have worked on and the process I have undertaken in order to successfully implement such a system at work. Content by definition is ‘everything in a collection’, when we talk about Web Content (as we will throughout this report) we talk about the collection of information or data on a site. In the context of the Internet/Intranet, content is basically all the ‘stuff’ on your site. Good content provides useful information and/or direction for the user to

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value Essay - 5

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value added contribute towards understanding the connections betwee - Essay Example This paper will describe the methods used by Ford at Highland Park and Toyota during 1980s and 1990s to improve productivity. Methods used by Henry Ford at Highland Park to improve productivity The Ford plant at Highland Park is thought to have been the main automaker that transformed the lives of a majority of American people in the 20th century. It is at the Highland Park that Henry Ford with the assistance of his designers formulated the current principle of bulk assembly; an example being the endlessly moving assembly line, introduced in 1913 thereby reducing the assembling duration of the Model T to 93 minutes down from 728 minutes. It is noted that the companies continued to grow very fast to the extent that the plant was able to produce a vehicle every minute. The high production led to a scenario in which one in every two cars in the streets all over the world was a Model T (Batchelor 1994, P.22-24). The increase in the production of the Model T by Henry Ford was attributed t o two main principles, namely division of labor and specialization on the assembly line, and the company’s investment in capital. ... With regard to investment in capital as a way of improving productivity, Ford Motor Company built one of Michigan’s largest buildings under one roof known as the Highland Park Plant in 1903. The building was spacious and large thereby allowing for effective arrangement of machineries. The building also had massive windows to enhance natural lights and ventilation. It is also reported that the walls of the building were 75% made of glass with skylights also made available. The nature of the building allows for efficiency in the operation of machines and other tasks thereby leading to improved productivity (Batchelor 1994, P.22-24). Ford Motors also used vertical integration strategy to improve the production of Model T. To ensure that this became a reality, Ford acquired a Brazilian rubber plantation, large chunks of timberland and iron-ores in Minnesota and Michigan, coalmines, ships, and railroads. The acquisitions ensured that Ford do not fall short of materials and parts du ring the manufacturing and assembling thereby guaranteeing the continuity of the operation. Since materials and parts were readily available at any time they were needed, this improved the production of cars manufactured by the company (Brooke 2008, p.68-70). To improve productivity, Henry Ford also created a single-purpose tools and machines at different steps in the manufacturing processes. This was done by using electricity to run the machines used for manufacturing his Model T. The use of electricity did improve the efficiency compared to other methods such as the human operations, which had proved less efficient. In addition, Ford Motors ensured that

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Essay Example for Free

Aggregate Demand and Supply Models Essay As it stands currently the existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply are: unemployment, consumer income, and interest rates. In this paper we identify the existing effect of the economic factors on aggregate demand and supply. The American people have little to no income when unemployed, this in turn causes a decrease in demand for the economy. This type of event causes the aggregate demand to curve to the left. One of the main reasons unemployment remains high to this day is the lack of demand. A shortfall in aggregate demand is precisely the type of issue that can be addressed by monetary policy, however, to do so we need continuous monetary stimulus to progress toward maximum employment stability. The crash of the housing market has set tremendous limitation on consumer and their spending. Sternness on behalf of the government to a certain extent has decreased aggregate demand during this recovery period. These actions have directly impacted growth. What this means to us is that lower government spending and higher taxes call for disposable income for consumers, work for government contractors diminishing, and a decrease in government payroll. Another factor that has had great effect and impact are the levels of uncertainty. The events leading to this state have yet to be resolved which in turn have caused a lack of willingness and confidence within consumers. In the beginning the levels of uncertainty reflected the force of influence the recession had on us as consumers . This is something that had not been experienced in several years which made it difficult for us to handle or even find a way to get by in a more successful demeanor. After extensive research and analysis it is safe to say the supply-side considerations explain some of the rise in unemployment, which once again confirm the lack of demand as well as the fact that the economy is suffering first and foremost of a weak demand rather than a shortage of supply. References Williams, J. C. (2013, February 25). The Economy and Fed Policy: Follow the Demand. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. Retrieved from http://www.frbsf.org/economic-research/publications/economic-letter/2013/february/economy-fed-policy-follow-demand/ Thoma, M. (2012, March 28). Demand, not supply, is restraining the economy. CBS News. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505123_162-57405230/demand-not-supply-is-restraining-the-economy/

Hofstede analysis Essay Example for Free

Hofstede analysis Essay 1. Power distance: the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. 2. Individualism- the degree of interdependence a society maintains among its members. 3. Masculinity / Femininity-The fundamental issue here is what motivates people, wanting to be the best (masculine) or liking what you do (feminine).†¨ 4. Uncertainty avoidance The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these †¨ 5. Long term orientation- the extent to which a society shows a pragmatic future-oriented perspective rather than a conventional historical short-term point of view. Power distance Thailand scores 64 on PDI index, slightly lower than the average Asian countries (71). It is a society in which inequalities are accepted; a strict chain of command and protocol are observed. Each rank has its privileges and employees show loyalty, respect and deference for their superiors in return for protection and guidance. This may lead to paternalistic management.†¨Thus, the attitude towards managers are more formal, the information flow is hierarchical and controlled. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Individualism With a score of 20 Thailand is a highly collectivist country. This is manifest in a close long-term commitment to the member group (a family, extended family, or extended relationships). Loyalty to the in-group in a collectivist culture is paramount, and over-rides most other societal rules and regulations. The society fosters strong relationships where everyone takes responsibility for fellow members of their group.†¨In order to preserve the in-group, Thai are not confrontational and in there communication a â€Å"Yes† may not mean an acceptance or agreement. An offence leads to loss of face and Thai are very sensitive not to feel shamed in front of their group. Personal relationship is key to conducting business and it takes time to build such relations thus patience is necessary as well as not openly discuss business on first occasions. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Masculinity / Femininity Thailand scores 34 on this dimension and is thus considered a feminine society. Thailand has the lowest Masculinity ranking among the average Asian countries of 53 and the World average of 50. This lower level is indicative of a society with less assertiveness and competitiveness, as compared to one where these values are considered more important and significant. This situation also reinforces more traditional male and female roles within the population.†¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨ Uncertainty avoidance Thailand scores 64 on this dimension indicating a preference for avoiding uncertainty. †¨In order to minimize or reduce this level of uncertainty, strict rules, laws, policies, and regulations are adopted and implemented. The ultimate goal of this population is to control everything in order to eliminate or avoid the unexpected. As a result of this high Uncertainty Avoidance characteristic, the society does not readily accept change and is very risk adverse. Change has to be seen for the greater good of the in-group. †¨Ã¢â‚¬ ¨Long term orientation With a score of 56 Thailand is a Long Term Oriented culture though not as much as for most Asian countries. †¨LTO is manifest on their respect for tradition and inequality between people. †¨Amongst the values that are praised, working hard and having a sense of moderation are dominant. The investment in personal relationships and network is paramount. Protecting one’s face is key and a protocol in their non confrontational behavior.†¨Their concern is not to look for one truth which helps them be flexible and pragmatic in negotiations.†¨Thai favor long term oriented perspective and thus Thailand deadlines and timescales are fluid.

Relationship atmosphere in international business

Relationship atmosphere in international business INTRODUCTION: Going international is seeking new markets for their products and services. To go international, it must establish good relations with their overseas customers suppliers overcoming the communication barrier and culture. Here to establish a good relationship with the bicycle manufacture based in Hanoi, Vietnam for the UK based company, the communication barrier is to be removed. The term relationship can indicate a mixture of things on how it is applied. Webster, (1992) says it can mean any type of co-operation, from coercive supply relationship to strategic alliances. Duck, (1991) says that relationship provide mutual support in form of exchange. The business marketing relationship is very important for success. The report deals with the importance of business relationship and its stages involved in creating the effective business relationship along with the variables involved in each stage. The foreign language requirement is identified in each stage and its implications in terms of training, recruitment and outsourcing. PART A STAGES IN BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT. Lindgreen, (2001), as cited in Troy, (2004), says growth in relationship marketing is not fully supported because of the ambiguous concept without clear empirical support. Ford, (1980), says that relationship can fail to develop or regress depending upon the interest of the parties involved in relation. The similarities between the two parties are stressed along the whole path of making relationship. Many of the authors have mentioned different stages of making a business relationship successful. Ford, (1980) illustrated five stages: The pre-relationship stage. The early stage. The development stage The long-term stage The final stage Conway swift, (2000) suggests four stages: Pre-contact stage. Initial interaction stage. Development. Mature relationship. Many authors like Levitt, Dwyer, Scanzoni e.t.c have developed many stages in attaining the communal relationships which was said by Clark and Mills, (1979) where benefits to both parties are concerned with welfare for each other.( Conway and Swift, 2000). The pre-relationship stage Initially there is no relationship between the both the parties. Both the parties dont have knowledge of each other, where search for new potential buyers and suppliers bring them together. In the evaluation of potential new supplier, there will be no commitment between them in this stage (Ford, 1980). In this stage each company one has awareness of each other like what areas are they good in, performance and area of work. The main objective in this stage is to create awareness, gather information and evaluation of the supplier is done considering some factors like experience, uncertainty and distance (Ford, 1980). In the pre-relationship stage, the psychic distance is to be measured in the intermediate level (Conway and Swift, 2000). The early stage In this stage, the potential suppliers and buyers are in contact with each other. This is the initial interaction between them to develop a specification for the capital goods to be purchased (Ford, 1980). The discussion of initial inputs, priorities, needs and bargaining is done in this stage (Frazier, 1983; Dwyer, 1987). The lack of experience and mutual understanding makes relationship fragile at this phase (Troy, 2004). Due to high levels of uncertainty the psychic distance increases ( Conway and Swift, 2000).The relationship is done terms of the tasks of building experience, increasing commitment and the associated reduction in distance and uncertainty( Ford, 1980). The Development Stage It is the stage after the contract signing where increase of delivery of products can be seen. Here both buyer and seller will be dealing with aspects like integration of purchased product (Ford, 1980).The trust and commitment developed in the previous stages lead to risk taking. The interdependence increases with the decrease of uncertainty and distance. Here the information flow is making more gradual development in context, atmosphere of exchange, Intentions and interests of parties (Hallen and Sandstorm, 1991). However, the relationship can be discontinued based on the assessment of their potential, the performance, or of actions of outsiders (Ford, 1980). The Long-term stage In this stage, business is grown at high level with wide range of experience in dealing with each other and relationship at a full stretch (Ford et al., 2003). The commitment and trust are to be maintained at high level for the relationship to continue with good satisfaction level in business. As this report is for developing a strong relations in business for the UK based bicycle distributor to its Vietnam manufacture, the final stage i.e. relation end stage can be neglected as this report focuses on development of business relationship. VARIABLES IN BUSINESS RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT Many of the authors have written a good deal on the components of successful relationships. Wilson, (1995) stated 13 important relationship variables that have support in empirical and theoretical. The most important factors which help the relationships, mostly in international context are listed below: Commitment Trust Customer orientation/ empathy Experience/satisfaction Communication. Commitment: According to Wilson, (1995) commitment is the most dependent variable in building a business relationship. Blois, (1998) commented, Commitment can be viewed as the ongoing investment to build up the activities which are to be maintained in relation. Commitment level can be high when the satisfaction of buyer-seller relation is high and the high degree of level of business along with social bonding (Conway and Swift, 2000). Anderson and Weitz (1989) commented that greater the investment made between buyer-seller relationships, greater would be commitment. Trust: Trust can be treated as the building block of any relationship. Rotter (1967) sees trust as a word between the buyer and seller where they can be relied on each other word regarding the commitments, honesty, in negotiations and taking of advantage in business. According to Morgan and Hunt (1994) trust acts as a catalyst for short-term alternatives in making them as long-term. According to Ali and Birley (1998) processed-based trust is more helpful in making relationship longer rather than characteristic based trust as it is based between individuals. Trust influences other variables like customer orientation and satisfaction (Conway and Swift, 2000). Finally, relationship without trust is just like candle under rain. Customer orientation/empathy Empathy means seeing the things in other point of view, so that we dont think of other circumstances that affecting the business. In the initial stages the empathy is more towards the buyer point of view from seller. The empathy acts as a starting step for making the relationship. Bonding of the relationship increases with the increase of empathy between the buyer-seller relations. Graham suggests that In addition to the bargaining strategy itself, interpersonal attraction (e.g. like/dislike, friendly/ unfriendly feelings) can strongly influence current negotiation outcomes and the success of future transactions (Adler and Graham, 1989, p.523). The social bonding and thinking in point of customer would create the relationship to grow faster (Conway and Swift, 2000). Experience/Satisfaction: Wilson (1995) defines satisfaction as demand and supply level performance in terms of their business from buyer-seller perceptive. The continuity of relation depends upon the satisfaction level on the partners performance upon the expectations (Levitt, 1981; Jackson, 1985). The experience need to be in a positive way rather than in negative way which descends the relationship. The experience helps in active mutual participation dealing all type of things (Conway and Swift, 2000). Communication: It is a variable which reduces the social, cultural, technological and time distance between the parties (Ford, 1980). According to Schramm, Communication is the process of establishing a commonness or oneness of thought between a sender and a receiver. (Schramm, 1954, p.3). The communication and relationship are inter-dependable. Effective communication decreases the barriers of negotiations, increase collaboration and co-ordination within the parties (Conway and Swift, 2000). The above table indicates the sequence of variables in their respective stage of making a business relationship. In the pre-contact stage Empathy plays an important is making a initial step. As this is about the awareness between the two parties, trust helps in believing each other and helps in research towards other party. As there is no actual business operation being done in this stage, the satisfaction and other variables are not considered in this stage. In the Early stage key variable is empathy, through which the contract is been signed and the flow of operation begins. Communication plays a vital role by decreasing the cultural distance between the parties. Here the trust acts as a catalyst for the relationship to improve and get strong. Satisfaction of the initial process of agreement makes the parties to move further. Commitment is not needed in this stage. In development stage, the trust and commitment of buyer/seller helps them improve the relationship further by making analysis and keeping negotiations in a right way. Satisfaction and communication helps by performance analysis and decrease in cultural distance. In long-term stage trust plays main role, without it relationship cannot move forward and stay for long time. Communication at this stage helps to remain the relationship in tact without any misleading. Depending upon the level of satisfaction, the continuing of relationship will depend. FOREIGN LANGUAGE REUIREMENTS Foreign language is one of the important factors in building the relationship and knowledge sharing in international business (Cooren, 2006) as cited in (Jakob, 2007). According to Holden, 2002, language is to be understood in basis of social and cognitive dimensions. Language barrier can be viewed as mutual unintelligibility and interpretation of culture. Building an international relationship requires intercultural communication.(Swift, 1991). Hofstede, 1993, says generally non local language is used in intercultural negotiations.(Bloch and Starks, 1999). According to Sims and Guice, 1992, p.23, regardless of the degree of fluency in language, Merely knowing how to speak and write a language does not ensure effective communication (Bloch and Starks, 1999).Understanding the foreign language helps to build up the market closeness, social and psychological distance ( Holden, ) as cited in (Swift, 1991). Pre-relationship stage In this stage, language plays an important role in understanding the other party in terms of previous performance, operation area, requirements etc. As this stage lacks mutual interaction, foreign language usage is less. But foreign language is much needed in understanding the intercultural perceptive. The persons having same cultural background and sound knowledge exhibits common pattern of opinion, regardless the party (Simintiars Thomas, 1998). As the UK based distributor replacing the manufacturer based in Hanoi, Vietnam, distributor should have proper knowledge of its culture and language which helps in building the initial trust required to build relationship. A translator would be helpful in this case. According to Gruber, translation should concentrate on ideas, not on words (Swift, 1991). The Early stage: In this stage, foreign language importance is very high. The contract of agreement is done and proper communication helps to deal with negotiations with the contracts, their needs and sources. Any translations are to be done according to, going from source language to target language with culturally influenced concepts in both source and target languages (Simpkin and Jones) as cited in (Swift, 1991). The UK distributor plans to visit the manufacture along with translator or interpreter. The negotiations are to be made with intercultural point of view. Here the cost of interpreter will be miscellaneous. Development stage: The development stage requires trust and satisfaction for the strong relationship. To attain trust, communication between both the parties should be more efficient without intercultural language barriers. The communication channels should be dense with various ways to transfer knowledge. Vietnam people prefer face-to-face interaction, social gatherings, virtual interaction and internet communication mostly (Napier, 2005). Interactive translation helps in attaining collaboration through understanding inherent uncertainties in knowledge sharing across languages and cultures (Napier, 2005). According to Swift, 1991, intermediaries act as potential barriers in attaining the market closeness and may act as leakage source of information. As the commitment is made, the collaboration is to be made between the Vietnam manufacture and UKs distributor by decreasing the usage of translators. The market closeness is to be attained which increase the product and market value. Foreign language proficiency is to be attained and communication is to be increased with the regular meetings. Training of their staff in foreign language helps in proper knowledge flow. The Long-term stage: Here cultural point of view along with efficient foreign language is important to drive relationship long-term. Johnstone, (1993) as cited by Swift, (2002) says intercultural language is vital thing. Vietnamese find it difficult to collaborate in teams (Napier, 2005) where as Britishers easily collaborate in teams. According to Ferney, 1990 satisfaction between the parties in language attain through suitable learning environment. Rose-Warne, (1994) as cited in Bloch and Starks, (1999) says non-native people speaking language makes overseas business people think negatively. This hinders British business effectiveness in international marketplace. Barham, (1991), argues doing business with English as medium of language is not sufficient as most parties try to do business in their native language. The firms should train their staff in all cultural points of view with language relation. The cultural training will co-relate people from different cultures and serve by decreasing the uncertainty, improved communication across co-cultures.(Nixon and Dawson, 2002). The learning environment between the distributors and manufactures should be bi-directional. The non-negative people speaking language should be well trained in slang which they speak. Training: Generally, the types of miscommunication that occur are: Total lack of understanding (Zero communication) Distortion of the message (Partly understanding of message). Inappropriate formulation and cultural insensitivity- the content is understood but message is not delivered in acceptable form. Insufficient vocabulary or use of idiom- knowledge of speaker in linguistic element is missing. (Bloch and Starks, 1999). Code-Switching: It is mixing of languages, restricted to members of a same group. It is unconscious behaviour, where communication is impeded between international business partners when listening is only done instead of participating.(Bloch and Starks, 1999) Staffs are to be trained in interactive communication with proper inter-cultural language. The sessions are to be conducted where staff is more emphasised on code-switching task and turn-taking. The training of employees is to be done in phonological differences: code switching, turn-taking and cultural point of view. Turn-taking: It is shifting of speaker from one to another in conversation. The length of pause and overlapping between the shifting should be acceptable cross-culturally (Bloch and Starks, 1999). Language translation: Localization method helps in translating language by combining language and technology to produce a product that cross cultural and language barriers. Machine language translation is method of translating material from one language to other through machine. According to Carlson, 2009 the machine translation cannot reach human translation. Recruitment: The recruitment of the staff is done from the Vietnam in less number, so that they would be helpful as translators and interpreters. The employees feel nativity and would helpful in building strong relationship. In the initial stage a translator is to be acquired, who help in building the initial relationship CONCLUSION: The successful business relationship development depends on the stages and the variables involved, along with their importance in each stage. The trust and communication plays an important role in building a relation into stronger. In each and every international business, language barrier with cultural differences occur. These are met by the proper training of staff in their plants with experts. All business people are to be initially trained well to solve problems in any stage of building of relationship. Interpreters acts as a source of language translator in initial stage, where use of them in further stages decrease the building of relationship. The basic types of miscommunication in language are to be considered and proper training sessions are to be conducted. The recruitment of the staff should also consider the other parties needs in point of language, culture and other needs which are best fulfilled by the native employees. Training sessions should be considered for the sta ff in all stages of building relationship. Foreign language requirements in each stage are considered and its importance. The foreign language is highly important in the later stages of building relationship REFERENCES: Ali, H. Birley (1998), The role of trust in the marketing activities of entrepreneurs establishing new ventures, Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 14 No. 7, pp. 749-63. Anderson, J.C. Weitz, B.A. (1089), Determinats of Continuity in Conventional Industrial Channel Dyads, Marketing Science, Vol. 8 (4). Bloch. B starks. D (1999). The many faces of English: Intra-language variation and its implications for international business. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, vol.4 (2), pp.80-88 Blois, K.J. (1998), Dont all firms have relationships?, Journal of Business Industrial Marketing, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 256-70. Conway, T. Shift, J.S. (2000), International Relationship Marketing- The Importance of Psychic Distance, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.34 (11). Cooren, F. (2006), The organizational world as a plenum of agencies, in Cooren, F., Taylor, J.R., Van Every, E.J. (Eds), Communication as Organizing, LEA, London. Duck, S. (1991), Understanding Relationships, Guilford Press, New York, NY. Dywer, F., Schurr, P.H Oh.S, (1987), Developing Buyer-Seller Relationships. Journal of Marketing, Vol.50 (April). Fernery, D. (1990) Language Skills: Is Reactive Training Enough?, journal of European Industrial Training, Vol.13(9). Ford, D. (1980), The Development of Buyer-Seller Relationships in Industrial Markets, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.14 (5/6). Ford, D. (1982),The Development of Buyer-Seller Relationship in Industrial Markets, in Hakansson, H (ED), International Marketing and Purchasing of Industrial Goods: An Interaction Approach, Wiley, New York, NY. Frazier, G.L. (1983), Interorganisational Exchange behaviour in Marketing Channels: A Broadened Perspective, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 47, Fall, pp.68-71. Hallen, L. Sandstorm, M. (1991), Relationship atmosphere in international business, in Paliwoda (ED), New Perspectives on International Marketing, Rout ledge, London,. Lindgreen, A. (2001),A framework for studying relationship marketing dyads, Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, Vol.4 (2). Morgan, R.M. Hunt, S.D. (1994),The commitment trust theory of relationship marketing, Journal of marketing, Vol.58 (3),pp.20-38. Napier, N.K. (2005), Knowledge transfer in Vietnam: Starts, stops and loops, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol.20 (7), pp. 621-636. Nixon, J.C Dawson, G.A, (2002), Reason for cross-cultural communication training, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, vol.7 (3). Rotter, J.B. (1967),A new scale for the measurement of interpersonal trust, Journal of Personality, Vol.35 (4), pp.61-65. Simintiras, A.C Thomas, A.H, (1998), Cross Cultural Scale Negotiations: A Literature review and research propositions, International marketing, Vol.15 (1). Swift, J.S. (1991),Foreign Language Ability and International Marketing, European Journal of marketing, Vol.25 (12). Swift, J.S. (2002),Foreign Language Competence and Cultural Affinity: A Study of Uk Executives in Foreign Markets, International Journal Management: An International Journal, Vol.9 (2). Troy, H. (2004), Trust formation in cross-cultural business-to-business relationships, Qualitative Market Research: An international journal, Vol.7 (2). Webster, F.W. (1992), The changing role of marketing in the corporation, Journal of Marketing, Vol.15. Wilson, D.T. (1995), An integrated model of buyer-seller relationships, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 23(4).

An Analysis of Prostitutes on Strike: The Women of Hotel Street During World War II :: essays research papers fc

When most people hear the word â€Å"prostitute†, they immediately envision a person who is a disease-ridden imbecile of society. However, if one researches the statistics and personal recollections of prostitutes, they will find that they may be very moral and great women. The reflection that Beth Bailey and David Farber recall in the essay called Prostitutes on Strike: The Women of Hotel Street During WW II shows what the prostitutes were actually like in the 1940’s. In several cases of the women in Hawaii during World War II, their compassion is shown through their cooperation with organizations and with the public. Many of the things that they did, however, were not entirely as moral as they seem to appear to be. The events associated with the prostitutes that stayed in Hawaii during WWII can be thought of as both ethical and unethical, but nonetheless, they fought a war of their own to keep their occupations and ways of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prostitutes in Hawaii thrived with business during the times surrounding the War to End All Wars. With the growth of men passing through the area on leave, grew the business of the prostitutes of the time. The brothels that the prostitutes worked in were aimed at the servicemen during the war. The men were lined up outside the buildings for sometimes hours at end, in front of everyone to see. On top of that, the women at the door would sometimes reject a man who they did not trust, or even those who appeared drunk. The brothels also brought peace to the area; if a man needed to fill a sexual desire, the use of a prostitute would prevent a rape or sexual assault from happening (432).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The status quo for prostitutes in Hawaii changed dramatically after the attack on Pearl Harbor. When they went to volunteer at hospitals to aid the wounded, many were turned down, due to fear of infection. Some women did what they could to help, even going as far to transform the brothels into living quarters for the wounded. Since their rooms were occupied, the prostitutes were forced into the street. Soon after, they discovered that they could buy or lease houses and resume business as normal. Weeks later, after the wounded soldiers moved out, the prostitutes wished to continue living down by the beautiful beaches where they could continue their business, and live in secrecy as well.

Creating Sympathy for The Great Gatsby Essay examples -- F. Scott Fitzg

Creating Sympathy for The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the text, The Great Gatsby, the author, F. Scott Fitzgerald leads us to sympathize with the central character of the text, Jay Gatsby. Fitzgerald evokes our sympathy using non-linear narrative and extended flashbacks as well as imagery, characterization and theme. Through these mediums, Fitzgerald is able to reveal Gatsby as a character who is in an unrelenting pursuit of an unattainable dream. While narrative and imagery reveal him to be a mysterious character, Gatsby's flaw is his ultimate dream which makes him a tragic figure and one with which we sympathize.    In the opening pages of the text, we are introduced to the main characters through the believable and trustworthy narrative of Nick Carraway. We discover that Nick is a moral character who is disenchanted with society after returning from the East. Throughout the text, Fitzgerald uses Nick's narrative to guide our response to the central character of the text, Gatsby, whom Nick states, "represents everything for which I have unaffected scorn." Nick's narrative also reveals the weak and shallow characters of Tom and Daisy. Nick's ability to recognise this emptiness and compare it with Gatsby through imagery shows the effectiveness of Nick's narrative. The strong image of Gatsby reaching out toward the green light can be juxtaposed to Tom and Daisy whom Nick describes as being "careless people." Nick's references to Daisy's voice and his attraction to her voice as "glowing and singing", emphasises that we can trust him as a narrator as he too is vulnerable to temptation and worldly beauty. This concept of Nick being a character that is "within and without" leads us to trust him as he does... ...athy by depicting Gatsby as isolated and betrayed by a society that is shallow and incapable of morality. Throughout the text, Fitzgerald uses the mentioned mediums to effectively evoke our sympathy toward the central character in the text, Gatsby.    Works Cited and Consulted: Berman, Ronald. "The Great Gatsby" and Fitzgerald's World of Ideas. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, 1997. Chambers, John B. The Novels of F. Scott Fitzgerald. London: Macmillan/New York: St Martin's P, 1989.   deKoster, Katie, ed. Readings on "The Great Gatsby." San Diego: Greenhaven, 1998.   Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. Higgins, John A. F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Study of the Stories. New York: St. John's UP, 1971. Whitley, John S.   F. Scott Fitzgerald: "The Great Gatsby." London: Edward Arnold, 1976.   

The role of the Catholic Church in Latin America :: essays research papers

The first Catholic priests came to South America with the conquistadors and through social and political force superimposed 16th century Catholicism upon conquered peoples and in subsequent generations upon slaves arriving in the New World. Catholicism has, likewise, frequently absorbed, rather than confronted, popular folk religious beliefs. The resulting religion is often overtly Catholic but covertly pagan. Behind the Catholic facade, the foundations and building structure reflect varying folk religious traditions. (2) This could be a result of so much territory with so little resources equals heresy and abuse. For most of Latin history, however, the number of priests has been insufficient to effectively minister to all the people. Religious vacuums have thus been created, especially in rural areas and on the outskirts of urban areas. Anthony Gill, who describes the religious economy of Latin America, writes, â€Å"The evangelization mission of the Catholic Church, to ensure all members of the population were inextricably bound to Catholicism, suffered due to the simple dynamics of restricted supply under a monopolized religious market† (1). People, rather than traveling great distances to visit a priest, turned to various forms of folk Catholicism to solve everyday issues regarding sickness, financial gain or loss, and romance. The saying that â€Å"Absolute power corrupts absolutely† seems to fit some accounts of the Catholic Church in Latin America. Far away from the authority and watchful eye of the Vatican, atrocities in the name of the Church had taken place. Though I believe it was not the norm but the exception. But with that said, some positive social changes have come about from the introduction of Catholicism to Latin America. In its true form, the church has been a source of basic human rights for the people. The church would often oppose the government’s unjust treatment of the people, who otherwise had no other representation. The church also formed a society to encourage cooperation with each other to develop a better civilization. The church would also provide a foundation for education, health care, skills for building and farming. The Catholic Church has played such a major role in the shaping of Latin American culture, that it cannot be separated from it.

Abstract Advantages and Disadvantages of Technology Essay

Statement of the Problem This study sought to identify the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology based on the perception of 2nd year BSAMT students. Specifically it answers the following questions 1. What are the reasons of the students in using modern technology? 2. What are the effects of using modern technology in the learning of students? 3. How can the students maximize the use of technology in learning? Research Design The design of this study is a survey method which refers to a descriptive approach. It has the intention to determine the correlation between subtopics. Included in this study’s sample population of hundreds respondents to ensure the validity of the estimate of the overall relationship between the variables obtained. Findings 1. The total number of respondents that comprised our data gathering is 168 2nd year BS Aircraft Maintenance Technology from different sections. 2. Most 2nd year AMT students take 1-2 hours/day of WIFI usage for Educational purposes pointing out that using technology students can lessen their time in doing their homework. Though some takes more than 3 to 5 or even more hours in using it indicating that they are mostly using the internet nowadays rather than books. 3. If WIFI was ever possible in the school the respondents mostly answered that they will use it generally for learning unlike the other respondents you answered to use it for playing and socializing. WIFI connection brings us the world wide web to the palm of  our hands it may be advantages for learning it is still open disadvantages such as gaming and socializing which is a distraction in a students learning. 4. Ever since technology incorporated applications in our mobile phones it has helped us every day from personal and school activities indicating that it is now essentials in our lifestyle since the respondents answered mostly that mobile phones and their apps is the biggest benefit of using digital media in the classroom. 5. PATTS is on the verge in improving and incorporating technology in its facilities and from the respondents they have chosen that the school should focus on mounting projectors in each classroom together with speakers to integrate audio visual learning which will benefit the students well because through the use of projectors instructors can now PowerPoint their lessons, play videos to understand complicated things like (e.g. â€Å"how a rocket works?†) 6. The school has provided its library with computers so it can help students research topics and lessons in the school with internet. Though it lacks performance in terms of the computers being used that it needs improvement as said by the respondents that the internet connection is sometimes not working and the computers performance is slow and laggy therefore reducing its worth and functionality in the school. 7. Respondents answered that projectors is neither agree nor disagree in making them more active and attentive in class. Agree because they are able to understand the lessons very well and disagree because they tend to be sleepier because some instructors just read their presentations. 8. Internet/online is better than books is neither agree nor disagree. Agree because they are a lot easier to find by simply using a computer and just copy paste and printing it. While others answered disagreeing because some online e references are opinionated therefore not good sources for getting information. 9. Taking pictures of lessons written on the board is better than writing notes is neither agree nor disagree. Agree because you don’t have to write anymore and just saved photos and just view it later and also you don’t have to bring notebooks anymore. Disagree because they don’t have high pixeled camera to take pictures from their phones or better yet they still prefer writing in notebooks. 10. Respondents answered neither agree nor disagree in taking notes by using camera, it will be difficult to remember and understand the topic discussed. Agree because they will just  lean to their picture notes therefore not reading or even studying it. Disagree because with their notes they can study them on their phones. 11. Using laptops and projectors in class make learning more efficient is neither agree nor disagree. Agree because they can use laptops to help them in their studying habits, disagree because they tend to use notebooks and just prefer to listen to their instructors. Conclusions Based on the respondents answer and the researchers findings and interpretations. The researchers has derived conclusions that would give clarity to what this thesis is seeking to answer. 1. The reasons why students use modern technology in learning because it helps them in their studying habits and even doing their homework with ease. It also is a tool in the classroom through projectors which also helps the instructors deliver their lessons clearly. Through the internet we can research information obtained from google understanding things more gaining more ideas. 2. The effects of using modern technology in learning of the students have its good and bad sides. Good because the research time span for researching will decrease and it can help in finding more information in a short time. With that we can gain more ideas about the topic to make class discussions more interesting at school. Making the student more ready for school. The bad side when it is not used properly and it is merely used for gaming and socializing rather than learning it can create may distractions for students and it can also be a cause for them to fail their classes. Therefore it is still in the students choice whether he will use it wisely. 3. Students can maximize their learning when their school technology incorporated already using modern technology in their curriculum. Like WIFI connections and computers with programs to help each and every student in their school activities. Also we have to raise awareness to students on how technology be able to aid them in their studies therefore maximizing their learning capabilities and ideas. Recommendations According to the conducted research, survey and observation by the researchers, Modern technology is neither advantage nor disadvantage but, if PATTS is willing to put money on improving its facilities it will be an advantage. 1. In order for the PATTS to cope up with schools, PATTS should incorporate modern technology in their curriculum to improve the education of its courses to have a name especially in the aviation industry. An aviation school like PATTS needs a major upgrade especially in its enrollment system school nowadays use online enrollment and they can even view their grades at home. 2. Researchers recommend that PATTS should try M-LEARNING (what is M-Learning? Is a new educational paradigm, that creates an environment in which students access to course materials, instructions and applications anytime and anywhere) taking the school’s curriculum to a technology based learning bring a lot of opportunities in one students learning for example with M-Learning a student can study anywhere as long as there is access to an internet connection, can work at own pace and can accommodate different learning styles through different activities. 3. Given the idea that 2nd year AMT students in PATTS have neither agreed nor disagreed about the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology in their learning we would like to recommend the study be conducted again. Given the changing nature of technology a series of studies, based on our model, would document improvements and thereby increase the potential that decisions regarding the composition of modern technology in learning would lessen bias and answer the question whether modern technology is a neither advantage nor disadvantage in learning.

An Observation of a Bat Mitzvah

The bar mitzvah is not actually a ceremony or rite of passage as many people believe. It is actually a boy of the Jewish religion who has attained the age of 13. It is thus a legal status that is automatically ascribed with no need for ceremony or any other religious rite. A parallelism would be attaining adult age, typically 18 in most societies.The bar mitzvah pertains to males while a bat mitzvah is to females, and females become bat mitzvot (plural of mitzvah) at the age of 12. Bar or bat mitzvah translates to a â€Å"coming of age† and signifies the transition of the child to that of beginning adulthood insofar as religious practice was concerned, and be counted as part of the minyan or quorum for public prayer. While it is widely practiced, there is actually no direct mention of it in the Talmud. Because women are traditionally not allowed to read from the Torah, it was a momentous occasion when in 1922 the daughter of Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan was the first bat mitzvah to read from the Torah in celebration of her 12th birthday. (â€Å"The first American bat mitzvah†) Today, many young girls celebrate becoming a bat mitzvah with a grandiosity that rivals that of a Sweet 16 birthday party. I. The Ceremony The synagogue was a study of the diversity in the US. On one side was the families of the two girls who were to become bat mitzvot and since one of the girls was an adoptee of Chinese descent and the adoptive mother was not Jewish, there were quite a few who were not. Among the congregation, many were not Jewish as well, guests of the girls and their families who were to join in the celebration. (Schapiro) A box of commemorative yarmulke or distinctive skullcap enabled male guests to help themselves to one because it is expected that they cover their heads when participating in the service. However, only Jewish males over 13 wore the ritual fringes called the talit. Aside from this, there did not seem to be a distinction in dress for Jews and non-Jews. Some small children were present, and were quite surprisingly free to get up and roam as they pleased as long as they behaved. The unruly ones were quietly led away to what can only be supposed is a playroom. On the eastern wall of the synagogue, the Ark is evident. This is the repository of the Torah, and above the Ark is a light called the Ner Tamid or eternal light. There is also a representation of the Tablets of the Covenant. On the bima, the raised platform on which the service was to be conducted. The two girls were seated on the right side of the altar. The girls’ fathers laid the prayer shawl on their respective daughter’s shoulders, signifying a transfer of power, or responsibility, whichever perspective works, and the choir raised their voice in a welcoming song in Hebrew. The rabbi commenced with the reading, and at each part the congregation was told when to sit or stand. This was especially helpful for non-Jewish participants of the service. The girls then were directed to approach the Ark where the Torah scrolls were kept. Each took their scroll and carried it around the sanctuary, as each Jewish guest touch their prayer books to it to signify love and devotion to its teachings. The girls then took their place at the bima in front of the congregation to read out the scrolls in Hebrew. This is referred to as the aliyah. The girls each read part of Chapter 21 of Exodus which was the reading for the Shabbat for that week. Afterwards, each girl gave a speech in English, a d’rash about how the experience preparing for becoming bat mitzvot had meant to them. Each girl then touched the fringe of their prayer shawl to the Torah before kissing it and returning to their seat. The parents (excepting the non-Jewish mother) spoke before the congregation thanking God for the blessing of freeing them from the responsibility for their child’s sins. This part was spoken in English. The rabbi then said a few words directed at the new bat mitzvot and the girls then proceeded with the concluding prayers, the Haftorah and then the ceremony was over. The next part of the celebration was the fun part, the Kiddush and seudat mitzvah that translates today to a party held outside the synagogue, where speeches and advice are liberally given for the elucidation of the new bat mitzvah.   Traditional gifts with associations with the number 18 (considered a â€Å"lucky† number in Jewish tradition, means also â€Å"life†) and more generic gifts were given at the reception. (â€Å"Bar and Bat Mitzvah†; Rich â€Å"Gifts†) II. Discussion Mitzvah is the word for â€Å"commandment,† and bat is â€Å"daughter† so a bat mitzvah is a daughter of the commandment. The whole point of this rite is to commemorate the child’s coming of age but the way it is practiced tends to be highly adaptable to the particular societal context. The ceremony itself has no mention in the Talmud so the rituals have evolved over time and application. (â€Å"Bar & bat mitzvah†) Preparation for the bar or bat mitzvah typically begins a year or more prior to the projected date, especially for modern Jews or those who are newly converted. This is to allow the child to become familiar with the Jewish commandments, prayer, history and the Hebrew language. A large portion of this education is overseen by the cantor, or scholar. The responsibilities of the bat mitzvah includes the keeping of the mitzvot or commandments as embodied in the Torah, all 613 of them. She is also expected to observe rituals such as fasting days. Interestingly enough, this is also considered the point in which the bat mitzvah can decide to remain or not within the faith. Because of this, a confirmation ceremony is slated for the 16th or 18th year of the bat mitzvah in   some communities. (â€Å"Bar/bat mitzvah†) More orthodox Jewish families prepare their male children for eventual emancipation by starting their preparations at kindergarten age and beyond the age of bar mitzvah. Orthodox Jews do not allow women to participate in religious services, so becoming a bat mitzvah in these communities does not include the service and is usually celebrated at home with a small party that merely commemmorates the child’s 12th birthday. Reformist sects take the cue from their spiritual leader, the rabbi. This was what happened to Judith Kaplan the daughter of Rabbi Mordecai M. Kaplan, who believed women should be given equal consideration and importance in the community. However, for the longest time bat mitzvot usually celebrated on a Friday rather than on the Shabbat, or did not read directly from the Torah, so deeply ingrained was the bias against women in the Jewish orthodoxy. (â€Å"The first American bat mitzvah†) With the influence of American society and growing diversity in religion, however practice has been inevitably affected. The number of religious intermarriages is rising and many religious groups have seen the wisdom of adapting to the changing society. This is especially apparent in the ceremony described above. The bar mitzvot are now allowed to read from the Torah, and are instructed in this by the cantor with the benevolent overseeing of the rabbi himself. They participate fully in the ceremony, and the fact that one of the parents is non-Jewish is no longer a big issue as long as they play a passive role in the service itself. Outsiders are welcome to participate in a passive manner as well, and religious scholars are more than willing to explain the intricacies of the service to the clueless. There is even a growing trend among newly converted Jews who become bar or bat mitzvah in ceremonies held at any point in their life, some as old as 80. Because these people came into the faith late in life, they are considered to have attained a â€Å"coming of age† when they have mastered the basics of the Jewish religion. III. Conclusion For all children, rites of passage are important highlights in their lives. For Jewish children in particular, the concept of becoming a bar or bat mitzvah and the formal celebration of the event focuses on the importance of having a good knowledge of Judaism. At the same time, it serves as inducting a sense of belonging for children, which at this particular point in their lives is crucial for optimal development. Because survival of the congregation that is yearly becoming diverse, even the most stringent religious traditions have been compelled to unbend and accommodate the evolving population. The practice of commemorating the becoming of a bat mitzvah is a particularly good example of this accommodation. Works Cited â€Å"Bar and Bat Mitzvah†. Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence. 20010406. FindArticles.com. 17 Jul. 2007. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2602/is_0000/ai_2602000074 Bar & bat mitzvah. Jewish Celebrations. 2007. Mazornet.com. 18 July 2007 . Bar/bat mitzvah. Patriarchy Website.January 2000. Israel CS Lim. 18 July 2007 . Rich, Tracey. Bar Mitzvah and bat mitzvah. Judaism 101. 2005. JewFAQ.org. 18 July 2007 . Schapiro, Moshe. What is a bar or bat mitzvah? Jewish Lifecycles. 18 January 2000. Aish HaTorah. 18 July 2007 . The first American bat mitzvah. Jewish Virtual Library. 2007. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. 18 July 2007 .      

Aruna in fasting and feasting Essay

2007 was the year in which I failed to finish the Indian novels I started. I read 2 and faltered at the 500 page mark in both. I found Vikram Chandra’s amalgam of literary fiction and crime in Sacred Games remarkably tedious. But my failure with Vikram Seth’s A Suitable Boy was downright weird. An absolute 5-star epic, I was enjoying it. Unfortunately I had listened to an abridged audio a few years before, so I knew where it was heading and I couldn’t motivate myself to read the extra 1000 pages I needed to reach the end. So 2008 heralds a change of tactic. For starters, a short novel by an Indian authoress. Desai was born and educated in India and has spent many years teaching in the States. Well placed, therefore, to write about the similarities and differences of both cultures and she does this with a text that is by turns witty, farcical, poignant and shocking. It’s quite a mix and one that kept the pages turning †¦.. right to the end! It could be argued that this novel is actually two novellas linked only by the character who moves from India to America. Each section is self-contained. Yet separating them would dilute the impact of the message that modern culture (be it Indian or American) is dissatisfying with gender inequality rife in both. In India, MamaPapa (so in tune with each other, they cannot be divided) are raising their two daughters and a son. Aruna is beautiful. Uma is clumsy and plain. But both must be married off. Aruna has her pick of suitors but finding a bridegroom for Uma is a desperate task and the squandering of two dowries is source of much entertaining farce. Flip the coin, however, and the farce becomes tragedy. A failure to marry means a life of humiliating servitude to parents and a life of spinsterly loneliness and suffocation. My heart aches for Uma but it bleeds for Anamika (Uma’s cousin), denied her Oxford scholarship and married off to a family who cared little for her.  She endures 25 years of servitude and married loneliness before †¦. well, you’ve heard the rumours of what happens when unloved wives grow old and a second dowry is required. Desai barbecues American family life as thoroughly as Mr Patton does his steaks. America, the land where freezers are full yet the food cannot be eaten because what would we eat in an emergency? Housewives wear t-shirts with born-to-shop slogans because that is all they are good for! Keep the cupboards full. We’ll help ourselves. The tv is king – forget spending time together and eating at the dinner table. Eating disorders are both cry for attention and rebellion against the profligate overconsumption of the West. Mrs Patton, as neglected as many as Indian bride. seeks to keep herself cheerful with the shopping and her sun-bathing. One day Arun comes home to find her bikini-clad and oiled-up ready for her day in the sun. She might have been on display in the Foodmart, a special offer for the summer, gleaming with invitation. Almost, one feels, one might see a discount sign above it. Surprising that Desai has painted this incident with so cruel a brush? Yet a major point of the novel is that daughters suffer most when their mothers unquestioningly comply with traditions or the lead of their men-folk. Actually not only daughters. Sons too. Arun is damaged by the excess of education and the weight of familial expectation. Seeking solitude and anonymity (the ultimate freedom) when he reaches America, his behaviour unconsciously mirrors that of his sister Uma, back at home. Just one of many echoes which Desai uses to tie her two stories together. Shortlisted for the 1999 Booker prize, Desai’s novel was, in effect, the runner-up. In a rare glimpse of the judging process, Gerald Kaufmann, the chair that year said, â€Å"If we could have a chosen a runner-up, we would undoubtedly have given the runner-up award to Anita Desai and Fasting, Feasting; a most beautiful novel, very moving, very funny, terribly  illustrative of what happens to women in different parts of the world.†

Jared Diamond

The question motivating the book is: why did history untold differently on different continents? † (Page: 8, lines: 1, 2, and 3) Well, due to the fact this book covers 13,000 years of history in a brief time it Is hard to properly write a thesis that would cover everything he will talk about. For one thing he has to talk about history on different continents, why did some societies progress slower or faster than others, and whyEurasia was more advanced or modern than the rest of the world. All these things made It harder for him to write a solid concrete thesis for example I'll start with why Eurasia was typically more advanced (by modern standards) than the rest of the world. So, to start it off, most people would probably say that Eurasia probably had more environmental advantages, such as more land, rivers, trees, and other materials that are so called â€Å"essential† to a better civilization.Another reason would be the mount of resources that they had available to t hem, such as iron, might not have been enough for them to fully understand it's potential. Now let us talk about why some societies may have progressed slower or faster than other societies. Well one reason could have been religion. Religion can impact a society In many ways like technologically, politically (if they have a political system), but mainly medically.I say mainly medically because if you are a polytheist and a disease that is spreading mom to your village or town your people would probably assume that your gods and/ or goddesses are either angry or they have cursed your land, which would cause the people to not even think that there may be a cure. While on the other hand another religion like Christianity, Judaism, and Islam mentions nothing of god causing famine, diseases and other things Just because he Is angry. O they look for the reason of what Is causing the famine, or disease, and then they try to find a way to end the famine, or cure the disease. A societies pol itical views may change because of a religion, like Christianity. For example before the birth of Sis (Jesus) the Roman Empire was run by the senate and an Emperor. Tater Christianity was accepted by the pagans of the eastern Roman Empire a. K. A. The Byzantine Empire the political slowly shifted from the emperor to the Patriarch or as he would later be called the Pope. We are finally going to talk about how history unfolded on different continents.Now as you'll probably see the problem with this subject is we are not taught about hat happens In other continents such as Australia, South America, and North America, even f we are it has to start out with what led Eurasian to go there. Also they focus so much on Eurasia that they forget about the rest of the world, like at the time of the Dark ages Muslims were actually in a Golden age. We were discovering new things, inventing new things such as the first water clock, successfully performing surgeries that other civilizations had not even thought of doing.So Just cause Eurasia had the black plague going on they focused so much on one event that occurred mainly in Eurasia that they claim it was the dark age. That's like one ‘Off person saying Mondays should be holidays and majority to that world agreeing without a second thought. Finally we are done, but you're probably like â€Å"I'm lost†. That is exactly my point, the reason his thesis is hard to understand in concrete terms is because he is sort of Jumping from place to place trying to connect it all but at the same time trying to go in order.

A strategic analysis of jetblue airways

A strategic analysis of jetblue airways The US airline industry trends have caused airline companies, including Jet Blue to struggle for survival. Retirement has caused a shortage of pilots and instructors. Flying schools experience less instructors and hours needed to train new pilots. In 2008, crude oil prices increased to a record $140 per barrel (Thompson, Strickland, federal employees were tasked to handle all airport security. Increased screening for baggage and passengers, size limits on fluids and x-ray inspections. With the additional security measures, came financial burdens to the airline industry. Jet Blue’s strategic intent When Jet Blue’s was founded, David Nelleman wanted air travel to compassionate and fun. The strategic intent was to offer customers a low discount airline carrier with the comforts of home. As the first airline to offer electronic ticketing, Jet Blue wanted to delay its flights instead of canceling them. Agents were allowed to work from home and customers enjoyed gourmet sna cks, coffees, in-seat televisions with satellite radio and movie channels. Jet Blue began to look into increasing the shareholder and customer values with the expansion of New York’s JFK Airport with 8 am and 9 am flights. This was hopeful to Jet Blue executives; they wanted to appeal to younger customers, affluent New Yorkers, and those traveling to New York City. Opening up this new terminal has saved $50 million in labor, fuel, and vouchers. Now, the company serves more than 53 destinations (Thompson et al., 2010). JetBlue’s financial objectives & success in achieving Although Jet Blue’s stock dropped by 50% in the five years, revenues grew 185% between 2003 and 2007, their operating expenses grew 222% during the same period. The loss in revenue was blamed on the cost of fuel (532% increase) and interest expense (658% increase). Jet Blue decided to take a conservative financial strategy in which they maintained high liquid ratios relative to the other major a irlines (Thompson et al., 2010). Jet Blue was millions behind the competitor but developed new equity capital and credit, which was needed to keep the company, and allow them to maintain strong liquidity. Assessment of competitive advantage Cost. JetBlue operates at a lower cost than its competitors. According to Thompson, Strickland & Gamble (2010), JetBlue’s total operating expenses were 12.17 per revenue passenger mile in 2008 versus $18.18 for American Airline, $18.18 for Continental, $20.95 for Delta, $13.85 for Southwest, $19.13 for United, and $21.45 for US Airways. Its planes, such as, the Airbus A320, tended to be newer than those of its competitors resulting in lower maintenance costs and no maintenance-related fines. The company increased flying time by minimizing turnaround time. Reservation agents worked at home resulting in cost savings as compared to a traditional call center. These measures paid off creating a major competitive advantages in the form of low op erating costs that other airlines did not achieve. Organizational culture. JetBlue’s organizational structure was created based on five steps. First, the company’s values were determined. Then, hiring managers selected employees who mirrored the company’s values. Next, the company ensured that the company exceeded employee expectations and to listen to customers. And, finally, the company created a plan to drive excellence. The values established by JetBlue were safety, caring, integrity, fun, and passion. As an example, George Forman grills were set up at the JFK terminal to allow employees to have fun. By only hiring employees that mirrored those values, the company could encourage hiring managers to be creative during the hiring process and to weed out those that would not be a fit. By making these steps an active part of getting work done, JetBlue developed a strong organizational culture.

Dockside Cranes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Dockside Cranes - Research Paper Example The prominent quayside cranes were exceptionally quick and those operating the heavy gears were so skilled enough to timely and efficiently cause the lifting, turning and and luffing in order to expedite the given jobs in a synchronized and corrdinated manner. The responsibilities of those drivers became more important considering the safety concerns of the other workers and laborers involved in crane and cargo operations in the port. Added to that was the fact that goods for shipment then were mostly in sack, packets or boxes and all had to be handled with utmost care to avoid merchandise damage. S & P manufactured all those sophisticated cranes which were designed, in a large part, to All the cranes were made by Stothert & Pitt in Bath. S & P were pioneers of the use of electricity to drive cranes and came to specialise in dockside models like these - at one time, almost every port in the world had S & P cranes. These lifters were generally designed to raise objects weighing two to five tons. One dockside crane had a ten-ton capability. Somnetime in the month of November in the year 1974, the last trader call was served by these machines.1 The goods moved, loaded and unloaded by the dockside cranes in Bristol were varied, from fruits to coffee and cocoa, to nuts and beer and spirits, to tobacco and coal and even included frozen meat and many others. The strengths of the machines differed from one another and there were those with specialized functions. Many of the cranes had been dismantled for junk. The four in the photograph, all electric cranes made by S & P, were built in 1951 and still survive today. These are the last remaining old city dockside cranes in the United Kingdom which fully or partially function.2 There are no available data on the cost of each equipment, meaning the amount of money then needed to complete a dockside crane set. Neither are there information on the safetry mechanisms incorporated in every machine when it was fabricated. Nevertheless, further research and investigative study will surely arrive at those details albeit the process may take some time considering the period that had alread y elapsed. Dockside cranes used for ship repair and other services This is one of the two Stothert & Pitt dockside cranes being used by Harland and Wolff in its facilities in Northern Ireland within the east coast area. The duo consists of (a) one with a capacity of eighty tons and a height of thrity eight meters, and (b) another with a forty-ton capacity which is twenty five meters high. The complex renders ship module design, repair, construction and decommissioning services.3The same observations have to be made that there are no available facts and figures anent safety measures and features established within the cranes and fabrication costs. There is therefore a need for inquiries with Harland and Wolff. Cranes from China A company from the People's Republic of China named Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industry Co. Ltd. advertises availability of gigantic dockside cranes called the Goaliath cranes. It