Pandemic Flu Planning

Pandemic Flu Planning Recommended epidemic control steps A flu pandemic can be controlled through four steps that would be aimed at reducing the rate of spread of the disease and reducing its impact on the community. The steps are useful if an outbreak is detected early before it could have explosive growth (Interim Pre-pandemic Planning Guidance, 2007). If it is severe, then the steps should be maintained and applied consistently in the community to deal with the pandemic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pandemic Flu Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, individuals confirmed or suspected to be affected by the avian flu virus should be isolated and treated with tested antiviral drugs. Isolation of the avian virus infected persons could be done at home or within healthcare settings, depending on how severe the disease manifests. If it is severe, isolation should be done within healthcare settings, but mild severe cases can be i solated at home (Interim Pre-pandemic Planning Guidance, 2007). Second, influenza infected individuals should be quarantined at home on a voluntary basis as they undergo prophylaxis using antiviral medications. However, this could only be done if sufficient amounts of effective drugs are available (Interim Pre-pandemic Planning Guidance, 2007).  Third, students should be sent away from all learning institutions. Also, all activities that promote children coming together for social activities should be discouraged because the virus could be spread through the air quite easily. Thus, close contact to infected persons could lead to virus transmission and infection. Fourth, measures should be adopted to reduce contact between adults in the workplace and social gatherings like meetings and church services (Interim Pre-pandemic Planning Guidance, 2007). Legal authorities When isolating and quarantining cases in flu outbreaks the following legal authorities are invoked: CDC, state, local and tribal authorities, and Commerce Clause of the US Constitution. The legal authorities are used to prevent patients from harm when they are being isolated and quarantined (CDC, 2012). Factors to determine or deter the success of the plan Several factors would impact the plan aimed at controlling a flu pandemic (H5N1 Avian Flu, n.d., para. 1). First, finances would have a great impact on the success of the plan. Adequate funding of the plan would result in the success of the plan while inadequate funds would make the plan fail along implementation.Advertising Looking for essay on epidemiology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Availability of healthcare providers would also determine the pace at which the pandemic control plan is implemented (H5N1 Avian Flu, n.d., para. 2). Enough personnel would ensure that the plan is successful within a short period of time. Third, collaboration with various stakeholders in the c ommunity would impact the plan. For example, school managers would help in identifying flu cases and facilitating closure of learning institutions. Fourth, sufficient amounts of effective medications would go a long way in ensuring that isolated cases are treated (Community planning, n.d., para. 1). Controlling the outbreak Yes, I would control the outbreak. It would be crucial to control the outbreak to prevent it from reaching the pandemic phase 6. The outbreak could be controlled by gathering all the required resources like healthcare providers and antiviral medications. If the resources are utilized, then the outbreak could be handled and prevented from proceeding to pandemic phase 6 (Community planning, n.d., para. 1). Improving the government’s plan The governments plan is a laudable approach to handling H5N1 outbreak in the society. However, I would suggest that it adopts a step that would ensure that there are strict travelling requirements in areas confirmed to have flu outbreaks. In fact, public means of transport should be discouraged because it could contribute to fast spread of the communicable disease. References CDC (2012). Legal Authorities for Isolation and Quarantine. Web. Community planning (n.d.). Web. H5N1 Avian Flu (n.d.). Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pandemic Flu Planning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Interim Pre-pandemic Planning Guidance: Community Strategy for Pandemic Influenza  Mitigation in the United States- Early, Targeted, Layered Use of  Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (2007). Web.

10 Fiery Muhammad Ali Quotes

10 Fiery Muhammad Ali Quotes In 1964, when  Cassius Clay took on the indefatigable Sonny Liston, nobody realized that a star was born. Cassius Clay had just shaken up the world with his fighting spirit. Not that he was painfully shy about his talent. His announcement to the press just before his winning bout with Sonny Liston that he was the greatest failed to strike a chord with many  skeptics. In fact, his over-the-top arrogance tinged with narcissism made the world wary of this new wannabe. The Megalomania of Muhammad Ali: The Worlds Greatest Sports Star Just before the fight, Cassius  Clay aimed several taunts at the seasoned and dominating Liston, perhaps to intimidate his opponent. He shouted at Liston saying, Someone is going to die at ringside tonight. That evening would probably be the most unforgettable event for many boxing enthusiasts for two reasons. One, they saw a reigning heavyweight boxing champion go down. Two, a 22-year-old underdog with a motormouth and a fetish for trash-talking had just made history. Cassius Clay, who became known as Muhammad Ali after he changed his religion, took the world by storm. Each time Muhammad Ali won, he reminded the world that he was the greatest. He didnt say that he was the best, strongest, finest, or richest. He declared, I am the greatest! He pronounced it with  Ãƒ ©lan. He could work up a frenzy in the ring and announce his greatness to the world. Never before had anyone seen a sports figure so brazen, so in-your-face, and so brutally honest. When Muhammad Ali Went Against the US Government Most sports fan admire Muhammad Ali as the greatest boxer that ever lived. He took on many fights inside the ring and outside the ring. Those that he fought inside the ring were easy matches. He literally called the shots there. However, the ones he fought outside the ring were the toughest fights he ever had. Most of them were against the establishment. The man who could float like a butterfly and sting like a bee often got on the wrong side of the ruling class. His vitriolic statements sent the press into a tizzy. His witty comebacks and sarcasm pushed buttons of many a politician. When asked about whether he would serve in the army for the Vietnam War, he cockily replied,   Man, I aint got no quarrel with them Viet Cong. No Vietcong ever called me n****r. He had an uncanny sense of humor, a quick temper, a big mouth, and a soft heart. One of his wicked comments that often grab headlines is: I am America. I am the part you wont recognize, but get used to me. Black, confident, cocky. My name, not yours. My religion, not yours. My goals, my own. Get used to me.   Ali once said, Allah is the greatest. Im just the greatest boxer. And indeed, he was. As three times winner of the linear world heavyweight championship, a title held by no other boxer, Muhammad Ali was a nightmare for his opponents. He was awarded the Sportsman of the Century by the BBC and Sports Illustrated magazine in 1999. Muhammad Ali Never Minced His Words: 10 Quotes Prove His Indomitable Spirit Muhammad Ali was not just one of the greatest sporting icons that ever lived, he was also a great orator. Some of his quotes are legendary.  These 10 reveal what it takes to have a winning attitude. Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee. His hands cant hit what his eyes cant see. Now you see me, now you dont. George thinks he will, but I know he wont. These words made one of the best quotes in sporting history. Ali spoke these words just  before his fight with George Foreman in 1974. These words catapulted Muhammad Ali to instant fame.   Its lack of faith that makes people afraid of meeting challenges, and I believe in myself. You think I was shocked when Nixon resigned? Wait till I whup George Foremans behind. I done something new for this fight, I done tassled with an alligator! Thats right. I have tassled with an alligator! I done tussled with a whale! I done handcuffed lightning, throwed thunder in jail! Only last week I murdered a rock, injured a stone. Hospitalized a brick. I’m so mean I make medicine sick. Champions arent made in the gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them: a desire, a dream, a vision. If they can make penicillin out of moldy bread, they can sure make something out of you. If you ever dream of beating me... you better wake up and apologize. Joes gonna be smokin an I aint even jokin but Ill be peckin and a pokin and Ill pour water on that smokin. Now this might astound and amaze ya but I will destroy Jo Frazier. There are two things that are hard to hit and see, thats a spooky ghost and Muhammed Ali. Like The Beatles, there will never be anything like them. Like my man, Elvis Presley. I was the Elvis of boxing. Im not the greatest, Im the double greatest. Not only do I knock em out, I pick the round. Im the boldest, the prettiest, the most superior, most scientific, most skilfullest fighter in the ring today.

Reflective narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective narrative - Essay Example At the age of fifteen years, I weighed 75 kg. I became obese. I would not say that my parents did not try to discourage me. Every single day, I would fight with mom and dad and would oblige them to give me money. As I kid, I was too difficult to control. My parents had no option but to grant me money so that I would relish the junk food. One or two times, mom and dad locked me up in a room, and I started to break things in the room! I was fanatic as a child. Gradually, as I went to high school, I began to realize that I needed to set certain things right in my life before it would be too long. My friends had a special role in making me realize my mistakes. I had a very good company in the school. With their influence, I started to behave myself and became obedient towards my parents. I apologized them for my misbehavior. It was not quite easy for me to stop eating junk food in the start. I tried a lot to keep away from it but I was addicted. I decided to start noting down everything I ate throughout the day on a piece of paper on daily basis. At the end of the day, I noted every thing along with its price. I began to realize that I was overspending. Moreover, I did not enjoy eating things as much as I began conscious after eating them thinking how much fat would it make me. I decided to spend nothing on food and would instead, eat whatever would be cooked in the home.

Put and Call options Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Put and Call options - Research Paper Example In the call option the security deposit is allowed to take a certain commodity at a certain price if one chose to. On the other hand the put option has got an insurance policy that protects the commodities against loss in value. When it comes to motivations the buyer of the call option hopes to the price of the underlying product will go up but the seller of the call option hopes for it to go down. The buyer of the put option is advantaged if the prices went down. This is to prevent the risk that is limited to the premium. When it comes to the profits the buyer of the call option hopes that he will make a profit by buying stocks for less than their rising value. The seller of the call option hopes to make profits when the stock prices go down or if the prices go high below the price the buyer pays for creating the call option. When it comes to the put option the buyer is advantaged when the put option expires with the stock price above the strike price. Sellers In the put option make profits if the stock price falls below the strike price. Call options shows how options trading are high risk, high reward by contrasting buying call options with buying stock. Both require the investor to believe that the stock price will rise. However, call options give very high rewards compared to the amount invested if the price appreciates wildly. The downside is that the investor loses all her money if the stock price does not rise well above the strike price (Sheeba 136).

Cognitive Dissonance in Marital Satisfaction Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Dissonance in Marital Satisfaction Essay Most people get married because they love their partner. They like the way they are with each other, honest, loving, understanding, fun, etc. Some are arranged marriage as they are unable to find the love of their life. However some get divorced as they are no longer compatible and they get turn off very easily. They are frustrated and bored. For those who want to continue to stay in an unhappy marriage due to many reasons such as the kids, their reputation, family, etc. as an alternative to divorce will ignore their feelings and convince themselves that the marriage is working well. They tend to adopt a cheerful attitude. They offered patience and understanding to make it appear as if the marriage was happy. Cognitive Dissonance is a feeling of discomfort caused by performing an action that is inconsistent with one’s belief (Franzoi, 2009, p.162). Basically it is a disagreement between ones personal beliefs and ones actions. It is the difference between how they would like to be and how they are. Cognitive dissonance is an aversive drive that causes people to (1) avoid opposing viewpoints, (2) seek reassurance after making a tough decision, and (3) change private beliefs to match public behavior when there is minimal justification for an action. Self-consistency, a sense of personal responsibility, or self-affirmation can explain dissonance reduction. (Socio-psychological tradition) (Festinger, as cited in Griffin, 2011) How can we observe â€Å"cognitive dissonance† in Marital Satisfaction? In Marital Satisfaction, we can observe cognitive dissonance in 3 different areas: Behavioural, Mental Emotional. Behavioural Observation There will be marital stress. They wear ‘masks’ at home and they will feel exhausted as they struggle with their life. Their journey will be full with pain and grief. They pretend things are okay in their marriage when there is distance. They say nothing is wrong when their feelings are truly hurt. They don’t necessarily lie to their spouse; they just shade part of the truth. They don’t feel comfortable being their true self with their spouse because they are afraid of judgment or mockery. They will purchase self-help books, confessed their feelings to a marriage counsellor or friends that they can trust. They offer patience and understanding to the spouse to make it appear as if the marriage was happy. They will smile and put on a happy face especially in front of the children to avoid them from knowing but will let out their true feelings and cry it out at night. They will lay awake at night and try to rationalize things that they have done so that it is acceptable. Their physical health will be affected as they are facing with too much stress in their life. They too may run into problem as they seem to be lying to themselves. Even though cognitive dissonance can resolve internal anxiety, it can also reinforce future bad decisions or behaviours e.g. lying Mental Observation Their mind will be filled with thoughts of whether they are doing the right thing. They feel turned off with what they are doing. They could not be themselves and their anxiety in wanting to be themselves and do what they like to do increases. They have sleepless nights thinking the sacrifices that they have made to make others happy when they themselves are not happy.. The dissonance caused by such contradictions will also create an unpleasant mental tension, which can range from minor irritation to deep pain as long as it continues. They are unable to relax and feel comfortable until they have been able to eliminate the dissonance or at least reduce it considerably. They can use Self-justification to escape from the discomfort. This is also a major threat to marital satisfaction because both partners tend to justify their behaviour in a way that allows them to be right while either explicitly or implicitly making their partner wrong. Emotional Observation They will be unhappy or semi-happy. They are unwilling to admit their frustration, acknowledge their crumbling marriage and obtain a divorce due to their culture, religion or the children. They constantly experienced a lingering feeling of doubt about the relationship. With that, they attempt to change their opinions to coincide with the behaviour they felt was expected of them and adopted a cheerful attitude towards their marriage to convince themselves that the marriage is working well. On the other hand, this can also make them become stronger in facing any challenges in their life. If they are optimistic, they will make the best of the marriage as the decision is in their hands. They are not able to be the person that they are but who they are might not be the best person. Cognitive dissonance can also reinforce future good decisions or behaviours e.g. more understanding, patient, increase communication between spouse, etc. Conclusion Successful marriage is not about getting their partner to do what they want; its about being who they are. This aspect of cognitive dissonance isnt bad; it can act as a motivation to be true to their deepest values, by making them behave in more loving and compassionate ways. It can help them change the unhealthy attitudes and behaviours. However, cognitive dissonance is most painful to people when some significant part of their beliefs about themselves is threatened. This usually occurs when they have done something that is inconsistent with their image of themselves. If a person has a fairly positive self-concept, believing herself reasonably smart, competent, and moral, she will use self-justification as a way to preserve her positive self-image.

My Goals Essay -- essays research papers

As the most of my peers, I have been asking myself a question, what is it really I want out of my life? This question has been bothering many people, and not only the college students who are trying to figure out the path which will lead them to the comfortable life. One might ask, what is that comfort that we all are striving for? Is it a state of mind or is it some unknown world that we are so eager to enter? Well, it varies from person to person, it depends on the life that the person has left behind when the decision to go to college was made. There are several aspects of our lives that could influence us and the future decisions that we'll make. The biggest part of our decision making is the way we were raised and the culture we have got used to. Many Americans believe that the success depends on the family background that you have. There are those who say that if the person was raised in a rich family, all opportunities are available to them and there is a high! chance that th e person will live a comfortable life. The same people are saying that if the person was raised in a poor family there are too many obstacles to overcome and most of the time these barriers on the way are too hard to cross. On the other hand, there are those people who say that the America is the land of opportunities and any person could achieve his/her goals if they set their mind to it. It is true that being born in the rich family helps a great deal during the course of your life. You are brought up in the household that provides the best conditions for exploring the world of knowledge. There are no worries about the basic needs like food, shelter or security, and all the resources are provided thanks to the excessive amount of money. Being rich allows people to worry less about the material things and more about the fundamentals of the learning and knowledge. Being born in a rich family also means meeting people and making the contacts earlier in life, which will later be helpful in that most difficult step of finding the first job. There is also the morality, which comes from the conditional learning of the environment that person is surrounded by. Person that is surrounded by the morally and financially stable people will adopt that thinking. Another aspect of being born to a rich family is the set example by the surroundings. When people that! you feel close to have acco... ...lder generation knows that they will do what ever it takes to put their children through school, even if it takes working late nights. For the most part the immigrants do not go to the restaurants very often, they try to save money by cooking home meal and limiting the extra expenses, such as entertainment, clothing and vocation. Within a short period of time, in less than three years immigrant families began to receive middle class income. Their children are in school, and most likely they had gone to school as well to obtain a better profession than the one that pays minimum wage. This is a clear example that it is possible to achieve something in life for any person in the United States. This argument will not be solved until people realize that the excuses are not the easy way out. It seems to me that many people would use their family poverty as an excuse for themselves not to make something of their life. To strive for a certain goal and not to loose interest or motivation is the name of the game for the twenty-first century. Only then, the desirable state of mind and your "pocket" will be achieved. The life that so many people are dreaming of only few steps away.

Do you agree with the statement that America has no culture?

Nowadays the world is a really small place compared to what it used to be before. Twenty first century brought many changes for our society and it had been marked by the rise of a global economy, the rise of the consumerism, mistrust in government, deepening concern of over terrorism and an increase in the power of private enterprise. With the fall of the Soviet Union the USA became the sole superpower, and although it is suffering from many domestic and foreign problems, it still has a huge influence on the world‘s matters .The same thing is with the culture.The term Americanisation has been used since 1907 for the American impact on other countries. I will write about negative and positive aspects of America’s culture and how it affects our world and how it was formed. One of the main things which form society is a culture. If we are talking about the USA, it is primarily Western, but influenced by the Native American, African, Asian, Polynesian and Latin American cult ures too. Despite certain consistent ideological principles (e.g. individualism, egalitarianism, and faith in freedom and democracy), American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographic diversity.The United States has often been thought of as a melting pot, but now it trends towards cultural diversity, pluralism and the image of a salad bowl. Many American cultural elements, especially from popular culture, have spread across the globe through modern mass media .For example, Hollywood dominates most of the world's media markets. It is the chief medium by which people across the globe see American fashions, customs, scenery and way of life. The same is with music industry. Many U.S.-based artists, such as Elvis Presley and Michael Jackson are recognized worldwide and have sold over 500 million albums each. Moreover, America‘s corporate business is selling the ideas of freedom, choice, competition for all the world.Cocacola is the most rec ognised brand in the world and it is a symbol of Americanization and it‘s culture. Furthermore, fast food companies are also often viewed as being a symbol of U.S. marketing dominance. Companies such as Starbucks, McDonald‘s, Burger King and KFC have numerous outlets around the world. Finally, the USA had a lot of really influential poets, such as M.Twain or E.Hemingway whose works continue to be popular to this day. However, all  these things poses quite a few problems if we really want to understand if such thing as „American cultureâ€Å" exists.First of all, the global presence of America‘s influence in business, politics and economy. Multinational food corporations are „killingâ€Å" small business by having less expenses and hiring workers for a lower salary. Speaking about politics, the USA in the last 20 years has participated in more wars or conflicts more than any other nation. Secondly ,the globalisation, which America brings to our homes ,imposes some laws or certain ideas on citizens which might be harmful in the long term for nation‘s economy or it’s standings of values, and customs, which can not be changed if we want to have society with moral standarts.Finally, most of the media and production created by the USA has a really low art value or lack a deeper meaning, because the reason they are created is profit. And if you want to have a profit, you have to sell your merchandise, you don’t need anything really mind provoking. To sum up, I believe that American culture exists ,and there are many great things which were made or created in the USA, such as music or modern technology ,which we use everyday, but we shouldn‘t forget that this country also invented things like weapons of mass destruction and started many wars, because the USA is „the world‘s policeâ€Å" and they have to make sure there is peace in the world.

Mayday on Holderness Essay

In the poem, â€Å"Mayday on Holderness†, Ted Hughes analyses the relationship between man and nature. The theme of the second stanza is strongly focused on death, playing a part of the poem’s overall theme – the cycle of life. Another focus point of the stanza is the eternal being of nature and man’s need for it. Hughes picks up on the inferiority of mankind in comparison to â€Å"unkillable† nature. Hughes conveys the idea that nature is immortal and lives off our deads’ remains, we see this through the listing of â€Å"tributary graves† being part of what the North Sea â€Å"swallows†. This imagery is morbid and voices Hughes’ anti-pastoral feeling. He uses this poem to establish that nature is not clean, pure and innocent but instead has been dirtied and thrives off our dead and waste. Nature has destructive power as well as creative power. The river Humber that Hughes describes in this stanza is depicted as â€Å"a loaded single vein†. The use of this metaphor and comparison to a â€Å"vein† infer that the river is living, as veins are needed by the body to pump blood around and keep us alive. Leading us to label the river as the blood and the country as the flesh. This metaphor consequently conveying that the people of the North rely on the river, and as a whole rely on nature, to keep them alive. However, Hughes tells us that the river contains human remains; the river therefore is not only a symbol of life but also of death. This reflects the overall theme of the poem: life cycles. Hughes emphasises the density of death that is contained in the river through describing it as â€Å"loaded†. This adjective portraying that the river is so full up to the point that it is on the verge of exploding. In addition, the assonance of ‘i’ in the third line of the stanza mimics the flowing movement of the river Humber as it travels out of Hull to join the North Sea. This is also emphasised in many lines of the stanza through sibilance. Notably, for example, in the first two lines â€Å"sunset smudge† and â€Å"south skyline† share the hissing sound of the river’s water. Returning to the message Hughes is making about man’s subconscious need and reliance on nature, the imagery of the river as it â€Å"drains the effort of the inert North – Sheffield’s ores† reflects this. The point being made is that mankind focus their energy and time into manufacturing and industry (Sheffield being known for it’s steel production), turning them into lifeless, sluggish beings. Yet, we need nature to keep everything in equilibrium and without it we would not survive. The river is accepting and making use of what humans discard or have no use for, for example, the river swallows up all: â€Å"bog pools, dregs of toadstools†. The way Hughes calls the river Humber â€Å"Sheffield’s ores† is another reference to the importance of industry and also that nature is used by mankind in the same way Sheffield uses ores; for it’s important elements. We take nature for granted. The idea of nature being engulfed and overlooked by a world of manufacturing is inferred through the description of the river â€Å"melting†. This verb seems an unusual one to use and Hughes has selected it for it’s industrial connotations. As I previously mentioned, Hughes voices his anti-pastoral feeling in this poem. A filthy, more negative portrayal of nature is articulated. It appears that nature has had its purity removed, or it never existed. Hughes describes Hull’s â€Å"sunset smudge†. The connotations of â€Å"sunset† are romantic, peaceful and naturally beautiful. The juxtaposition of these two words creates severe contrast, as the word â€Å"smudge† is onomatopoeic, with a dirty, unclean sound created by the â€Å"sm† and thickness heard in the â€Å"d†. The last line of the stanza once again enforces the idea that nature has the ultimate power over all creatures on earth. â€Å"Insects, drunken, drop out of the air. † This imagery shows authority, as though the insects are falling at nature’s feet. In such a way that one would fall in front of their leader. It also expresses the idea that the insects are dropping death into the river after being poisoned by the river’s fumes. Which is another way that illustrates nature’s ultimate power and also the sense of nature’s destructive power.

Writing a Critique

Writing a Critique Writing a Critique Writing a critique is rather a difficult task for critical essay writers. While writing any academic project, you should show your ability to think and write critically. Just as you think, writing college critical essay, provide critique of the arguments of others. On occasion, you may find that an argument of yours has been critiqued by someone else. Critical essay writer may also discover that an argument by someone else is relatively good but has become the object of a negative critique. If you do not find your critique convincing, you may want to re-write your paper. This involves defending the original argument. In logic, as in sports, the best defense is usually a good offense. If you have been careful to use only unflawed argument forms in the process of academic essay writing, and only unflawed premises, then your argument will be hard to critique and your defense may be relatively easy. It is often a good strategy to anticipate how a critique might be developed in presenting your original ideas and to defuse that critique at that point. But no matter how good an argument is, while writing critical essayyou must support your conclusions with examples from the text and other supporting documents. Critical essay writing is not easy, but it is an extremely interesting assignment. Moreover, critical essay writing and thinking skills can be used in everyday life: Critique Writing There are times at which a defense strategy is inappropriate. The tutor may find numerous weaknesses in your argument included in critical essay writing. There is no point or merit in "stonewalling it" when you have been caught with false premises or an invalid argument. Writing critical essay support your judgment with a discussion of evidence or of the reasoning involved. Writing such a work, provide your judgment about the merit of theories and opinions or about the truth of facts.Notice, however, that admitting to a logical or factual flaw in your argument you do not need to abandon the conclusions you originally argued for. Writing a critique is not the same as writing a summary. offers you an opportunity to order critique writing services. Our critique writers are able to impress you with depth of reasoning and logic of presentation. Do not miss an opportunity to get professionally written critique prior to deadline. All of our customers enjoy a wide range of discounts. Free services include title page, outline, and references. Popular posts: Argumentative Research Paper Topics Action Paper Research Valentine's Day Essay Report Writing Help Problem and Solution Essay

Frigate USS United States Navy Ship Overview

Frigate USS United States Navy Ship Overview With the United States separation from Great Britain after the American Revolution, American shipping no longer enjoyed the protection of the Royal Navy when at sea. As a result, it became an easy target for pirates and other raiders such as the Barbary corsairs. Aware that a permanent navy would need to be formed, Secretary of War Henry Knox requested American shipbuilders submit plans for six frigates in late 1792. Concerned about cost, debate raged in Congress for over a year until funding was finally obtained through the Naval Act of 1794. Calling for the building of four 44-gun and two 36-gun frigates, the act was put into effect and construction delegated to various cities. The designs selected by Knox were those of renowned naval architect Joshua Humphreys. Understanding that the United States could not hope to build a navy of equivalent strength to Britain or France, Humphreys created large frigates that could best any similar vessel but were fast enough to escape enemy ships-of-the-line. The resulting vessels were long, with wider than usual beams and possessed diagonal riders in their framing to increase strength and prevent hogging. Utilizing heavy planking and making extensive use of live oak in the framing, Humphreys ships were exceptionally strong. One of the 44-gun frigates, to be named United States, was assigned to Philadelphia and construction soon began. The work progressed slowly and briefly came to a halt in early 1796 after peace was established with the Dey of Algiers. This triggered a clause of the Naval Act which stipulated that construction would halt in the event of peace. After some debate, President George Washington convinced Congress to fund construction of the three ships closest to completion. As United States was one of these vessels, work resumed. On February 22, 1797, John Barry, a naval hero of the American Revolution, was summoned by Washington and given a commission as the senior officer in the new US Navy. Assigned to oversee the completion of United States, he superintended its launching on May 10, 1797. The first of the six frigates launched, work moved quickly through the rest of the year and spring 1798 to complete the ship. As tensions increased with France leading to the undeclared Quasi-War, Commodore Barry received orders to put to sea on July 3, 1798. Quasi-War Ship Departing Philadelphia, United States sailed north with USS Delaware (20 guns) to rendezvous with additional warships at Boston. Impressed with the ships performance, Barry soon found that the expected consorts at Boston were not ready for sea. Unwilling to wait, he turned south for the Caribbean. During this maiden cruise, United States captured the French privateers Sans Pareil (10) and Jalouse (8) on August 22 and September 4. Sailing north, the frigate became separated from the others during a gale off Cape Hatteras and arrived in the Delaware River alone on September 18. After an abortive cruise in October, Barry and United States returned to the Caribbean in December to lead an American squadron. Coordinating American efforts in the region, Barry continued to hunt for French privateers. After sinking LAmour de la Patrie (6) on February 3, 1799, he re-captured the American merchantman Cicero on the 26th and captured La Tartueffe a month later. Relieved by Commodore Thomas Truxtun, Barry took United States back to Philadelphia in April. Refitting, Barry put to sea again in July but was forced to put into Hampton Roads due to storm damage. Making repairs, he patrolled the East Coast before putting into Newport, RI in September. Embarking peace commissioners, United States sailed for France on November 3, 1799. Delivering its diplomatic cargo, the frigate encountered severe storms in the Bay of Biscay and required several months of repairs at New York. Finally ready for active service in the fall of 1800, United States sailed to the Caribbean to again lead the American squadron but was soon recalled as peace had been made with the French. Returning north, the ship arrived at Chester, PA before being laid up at Washington, DC on June 6, 1801. The War of 1812 The frigate remained in ordinary until 1809 when orders were issued to ready it for sea. Command was given to Captain Stephen Decatur, who had earlier served aboard the frigate as a midshipman. Sailing down the Potomac in June 1810, Decatur arrived at Norfolk, VA for refitting. While there he encountered Captain James Carden of the new frigate HMS Macedonian (38). Meeting with Carden, Decatur wagered the British captain a beaver hat if the two should ever meet in battle. With the outbreak of the War of 1812 on June 19, 1812, United States traveled to New York to join Commodore John Rodgers squadron. After a brief cruise on the East Coast, Rodgers took his ships to sea on October 8. Departing Boston, they captured Mandarin on October 11 and United States soon parted company. Sailing east, Decatur moved south of the Azores. At dawn on October 25, a British frigate was spotted twelve miles to windward. Soon recognizing the ship as Macedonian, Decatur cleared for action. While Carden hoped to close on a parallel course, Decatur planned to engage the enemy from long-range with his heavier 24-pdr guns before closing in to finish the battle. Opening fire around 9:20 AM, United States quickly succeeded in destroying Macedonians mizzen topmast. With the advantage of maneuver, Decatur proceeded to pound the British ship into submission. Shortly after noon, Carden was forced to surrender with his ship dismasted and having taken 104 casualties to Decaturs twelve. After remaining in place for two weeks while Macedonian was repaired, United States and its prize sailed for New York where they received a heros welcome. Putting to sea with a small squadron on May 24, 1813, Decatur was chased into New London, CT by a strong British force. United States remained blockaded in that port for the rest of the war. Post-War/Later Career With the end of the war, United States was fitted out to join an expedition to deal with the resurgent Barbary pirates. Under the command of Captain John Shaw, the frigate crossed the Atlantic but soon learned that an earlier squadron under Decatur had forced peace with Algiers. Remaining in the Mediterranean, the ship ensured an American presence in the area. Returning home in 1819, United States was laid up for five years before joining the Pacific Squadron. Thoroughly modernized between 1830 and 1832, the ship continued regular peacetime assignments in the Pacific, Mediterranean, and off Africa through the 1840s. Returning to Norfolk, it was laid up on February 24, 1849. With the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, the rotted hulk of United States was captured at Norfolk by the Confederacy. Recommissioned CSS United States, it served as a blockship and later was sunk as an obstacle in the Elizabeth River. Raised by Union forces, the wreck was broken up in 1865-1866. USS United States Quick Facts and Figures Nation:Â  United StatesBuilder:Â  Philadelphia, PAAuthorized:Â  March 27, 1794Launched:Â  May 10, 1797Commissioned:Â  July 11, 1797Decommissioned:Â  February 1849Fate:Â  Broken up at Norfolk 1865/6 Specifications Ship Type:Â  FrigateDisplacement:Â  1,576 tonsLength:Â  175 ft.Beam:Â  43.5 ft.Draft:Â  20 ft. - 23.5 ft.Complement:Â  364Speed:Â  13.5 knots Armament (War of 1812) 32 x 24-pdrs24 x 42-pdr carronades Sources Dictionary of American Navy Fighting Ships: USS United States (1797)NavSource: USS United States ImagesHistory of War: USS United States vs. HMS Macedonian

Substance Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Substance Abuse - Essay Example Some people argue that recreational use of drugs is not harmful, however studies show that use of recreational drugs leads to addiction and permanent usage of drugs. People who support the recreational use of drugs favor the use of Marijuana as they feel it is not harmful for people. However, recent studies show that marijuana is also harmful for human beings. According to National Institute of Drug Abuse, marijuana users become dependent on others. They find it hard to understand different aspects of life and others assistance on every aspect. It is also important to note that illegal drug is not the only thing that creates addiction in an individual. Things like medicine, alcohol, tea, coffee etc could also create addiction which may cause problems for an individual (á ¸ ²aminer, 2010). Treatment The aim of the treatment of patients for substance abuse is to take them to a point where they are free of the dependency and habit of using illegal drugs. Although, the patients may not get rid of the problem completely, but the negative effects of the use of such drugs may be negated from such treatment. Studies show that 60 out of 100 are treated with desired results, as the dependency of drug addict patients reduces with the treatment.

How technology has affected history Research Paper

How technology has affected history - Research Paper Example Lives have been saved, businesses grow, environment is taken care of and everything seems to progress with the aide of technology. In particular, the recent breakthroughs in computers and internet have allowed people to connect to anybody anytime and anywhere despite of the distance geographically. Barriers have been overcome by the technology and people are able to enjoy the benefits. Despite of the benefits from technology, some downfalls are seen by scientists and other professionals throughout history. Those may pose hazard to the environment, human health, education, morals and many more. There are many factors involved in those negative consequences of using technology but those are not signs of the end of the world. They may signal the need for change, innovation and further studies to create new solutions to the spurring problems and challenges for the betterment of the world towards sustainability. As technology has been noted in the preceding paragraphs, reflecting upon the changes as it passes through the history may give a clear picture and understanding to the readers regarding the importance and impact of technology to human existence. History has been divided into different eras and for the study, three eras would be mentioned and discussed: Renaissance Era, Industrial Revolution Era, and Atomic Era. Each era would be provided with introductions and the technologies used for each. Afterwards, the advantages and disadvantages of the technology for each era would be analyzed and compared and contrasted to other technology from other eras. Renaissance started since the time of the High Middle Ages wherein various improvements happened in terms of the economy, society, politics and intellects. Its roots came from the Renaissance of the 12th century which was considered to be the developments to sprout at the latter part of the Middle Ages. It became the avenue for the advancement in arts, literature and science although scientific developments occurr ed at the latter part of Renaissance.1 Renaissance originally means rebirth and it was a cultural movement that spanned from the 14th century to 17th century and became a wide-scale movement throughout Europe. It had produced the paper and type sped that allowed quicker dissemination of knowledge but still some nations in Europe had not experienced its boom equally. In terms of literature, it developed the Latin literature across the Western continent and the popularity was attributed to Petrarch. In particular, he had made linear perspective and other artistic techniques together with the reformation of education.2 The developments had given way to the practices in the Modern Era such as the conventions in politics through diplomacy and the importance of observation that became the primary tool for science. Renaissance had also catered to the developments of the polymaths who were considered to be geniuses in various fields of knowledge and abilities like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci. They were known as Renaissance man as being such is attributed to the name of the era. Various issues had been laid down with the concept of the polymaths and even with the name Renaissance and its very existence.3 Some viewed Renaissance as just a part of the former eras with high respect for classical ages as culture and arts flourished. Nostalgia